Drug Design, Development and Therapy

Targeting Esophageal Cancer: Promising Drugs for the Clinical Landscape and Key Knowledge Gaps

Akumaga T, Park H, Lockhart AC, Jin RU

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:12049-12076

Published Date: 1 January 2026

Therapeutic Targeting of Signaling Pathways in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: From Pathogenesis to Precision Medicine

Shaikh II, Singh S, Feng Y, Shahzad KA, Wang J, Zhou Q, Wang S, Zeng C, Shao C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:12077-12111

Published Date: 31 December 2025

Impact of High Tacrolimus Exposure on Graft Function and Development of a Prediction Model in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Yang W, Xia R, Zhao P, Du J, Liu R, Zeng W, Chen Y, Luo X, Zheng P, Li Y, Mo L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:12035-12047

Published Date: 31 December 2025

Drug Repurposing as an Effective Drug Discovery Strategy: A Critical Review

Al Khzem AH, Wali SM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:12019-12034

Published Date: 31 December 2025

Solidification of SNEDDS Using Mesoporous Carriers (2020–2025): A Review of Design, Biopharmaceutical Enhancement, and Therapeutic Impact

Priani SE, Nurhaliza A, Chaerunisaa AY, Wilar G, Sopyan I

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11989-12017

Published Date: 31 December 2025

Clinical Trial Report

A Comparison of the Effect of Remimazolam and Midazolam on Recovery and Preserved Memory Function for Patients with Dental Extraction Anxiety

Jing Q, Wang W, Wu L, Wang L, Yuan B, Wang Y, Wang C, Liu L, Guan L, Yu R, Zhang Y, Sessler DI, Huang Y, Wan K, Pei L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11977-11987

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Sugammadex versus Neostigmine Reversal After Thoracoscopic Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial

Hu C, Liu S, Xi C, Du Y, Su S, Wang Y, Wu L, Chen H, Wang G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11965-11976

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Effects of Remimazolam on Perioperative Inflammatory Response and Neurocognitive Disorders in Elderly Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hu J, Huang Y, Li J, Yang J, Pan P, Xiang S, Ding Y, Yang P, Liu C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11951-11963

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Plasma Concentrations of Prophylactic Posaconazole and Risk Factors for Subtherapeutic Exposure in Taiwanese Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Lin HY, Hu SC, Pai TY, Lin FJ, Wu CC

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11941-11949

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Efficacy of Paroxetine as an Adjuvant Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study

Aldossary KM, Abdallah MS, Mosalam EM, Kamal N, Saif DS, Elsayed SAR, Afifi N, Zakaraia HG, Khrieba MO, Bahaa MM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11925-11939

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Protective Effect of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Butorphanol on Perioperative Pulmonary Function in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Resection: A Randomized, Double-Blind, 2 * 2 Factorial-Controlled Trial

Li H, Zhou G, Chen H, Liu T, Xu W, Guo D, Wang S, Gao F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11911-11923

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Effects of Remimazolam-Propofol Anesthesia on Recovery and Sleep Quality in Older Adult Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Shi P, Wang C, Tang Y, Hou J, Bian J, Bo L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11901-11910

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Review

The Effects of Obesity on Lung Physiology, the Prevalence and Severity of Chronic Pulmonary Diseases, and Inhalation Treatment

Fröhlich E

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11885-11900

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr.: Phytochemical, Ethnomedicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Potential

Milanda T, Mardiana L, Hadisaputri YE, Chaerunisaa AY, Gatera VA, Puspadewi R, Rusdin A

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11863-11883

Published Date: 28 December 2025

Copper-Induced Cell Death in Renal Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Lv D, Yu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11849-11861

Published Date: 31 December 2025

SGLT2 Inhibitors in Combination Therapies for Tumors: A Novel Approach to Synergistic Treatment Strategies

Su H, Li X, Wang S, Yang X, Jiang L, Luo H, Li Y, Zhou J, Huang Y, Li M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11817-11847

Published Date: 26 December 2025

Xenin-Derived Peptides: Multifaceted Regulators and Therapeutic Innovations in Metabolic Diseases

Gong B, Liu X, Hu G, Li T, Chen F, Sun X, Sun L, Xu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11799-11815

Published Date: 27 December 2025

Minimum Effective Volume of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Interscalene Block in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective, Biased-Coin Up-and-Down Dose-Finding Study

Wang HT, Xue Q, Li HJ, Zhao YY, Tian K, Yang JJ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11789-11797

Published Date: 26 December 2025

Clinical Trial Report

Investigating Effective Application Times for Topical Anesthetics in Non-Coring Needle Insertion Over Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices

Jiang G, Yang X, Yang L, Liu J, Yuan H, Jiang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11779-11788

Published Date: 26 December 2025

Effective Dose of Oliceridine for Inhibiting Hemodynamic Elevation Induced by Tracheal Intubation: An Up-and-Down Sequential Trial

Yu J, Wei S, Ling D, Xin Y, Liu H, Yang Y, Li X, Xiang Z, Liu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11767-11778

Published Date: 26 December 2025

YK-4-279 Induces Osteosarcoma Cell Cycle Arrest, DNA Damage Response, and Apoptosis by Regulating the MAPK Cascade

Wang W, Zhang Y, Jia X, Han L, Xin M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11749-11766

Published Date: 26 December 2025

Discovery of Pyrazoline Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: A Review

Hasyim DM, Musfiroh I, Hendra R, Kamarulzaman EE, Ritmaleni R, Muchtaridi M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11697-11747

Published Date: 27 December 2025

Relief from Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Constipation by Fluoxetine and Butyrate and Their Impact on Gut Microecology

Li X, Suo J, Yao S, Tian B, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Li X, Jin D, Yang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11675-11695

Published Date: 26 December 2025

Preliminary Developmental Safety Assessment of Allylestrenol in Pregnant SD Rats: Evaluation of F0 and Early F1 Generational Endpoints

Jiang L, Zhuan S, Jin W, Wen H, Li D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11659-11673

Published Date: 26 December 2025

Preventive Effect of Oleanolic Acid on Ulcerative Colitis Caused by Dextran Sulfate Sodium via a PPARγ-Involved Mechanism in Mice

Tian G, Dong F, Fu A, Lai S, Yu J, Ni J, Ding Q, Jin Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11641-11657

Published Date: 25 December 2025

The Effect of Methylene Blue on Sublingual Microcirculation in Patients with Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Dong C, Zhu J, Ni H, Chen Y, Chen B, Zhang M, Cui K, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Xu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11629-11640

Published Date: 26 December 2025

Review

Advances in the Clinical Application of MAC: A Review of Drug Selection, Combination Therapy, and Administration Methods

Lei XH, Yang WW, Luo X, Rao PG, Guo R

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11609-11628

Published Date: 24 December 2025

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Individualized Antidepressant Treatment

Li Y, Du X, An J, Wu H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11585-11608

Published Date: 24 December 2025

Current Perspectives on the NF-κB Signaling Axis as a Potential Pharmacological Target in Cardiorenal Syndrome

Liu Q, Wang X, Cheng P, Yang T, Wang C, Zhou H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11557-11583

Published Date: 23 December 2025

Addition of Lidocaine to Ropivacaine and Sufentanil for Epidural Labour Analgesia: A Randomised Double-Blind Study on the Incidence of Epidural-Related Maternal Fever

Shen Y, Hou L, Shen B, Qian J, Xiao F, Yan H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11547-11555

Published Date: 24 December 2025

Vitamin K2 Protects Against Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis by Activating the NRF2/FSP1 Pathway to Inhibit Osteoblast Ferroptosis

Zhang Z, Rong X, Ren Q, Kou Y, Guo J, Li M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11525-11545

Published Date: 23 December 2025

Dexamethasone, but Not Esketamine, Reduces Rebound Pain After Interscalene Nerve Block: A Randomized Factorial Trial

Yao J, Wang C, Szmuk P, Xu C, Pu S, Lu J, Du D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11511-11523

Published Date: 24 December 2025

Tegileridine versus Oliceridine for Acute Postoperative Pain Management in Patients After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial

Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Huang C, Liu K, Wu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11499-11509

Published Date: 24 December 2025

Ameliorative Effect of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Cardiotoxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress

Alharbi MS, Aldubayan MA

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11483-11497

Published Date: 23 December 2025

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeting Natural Compounds: A Novel Frontier in Alleviating Liver Fibrosis

Huang C, Hu W, Qi J, Su B, Yan H, Zhu YZ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11465-11482

Published Date: 23 December 2025

Spray Drying for Pharmaceutical Raw Materials: A Systematic Review on Enhancing Bioavailability and Stability

SWM AM, Mita SR, Husni P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11433-11463

Published Date: 23 December 2025

Abnormally Activated MNX1 Promotes Tumor Growth and Osimertinib Resistance and Predicts Survival in EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma

Gu W, Gan J, Liu P, Lai J, Liu C, Zhang G, Shi C, Jiang Q, Qiu F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11411-11431

Published Date: 20 December 2025

Exploring the Combination of Traditional Chinese and Allopathic Medicine in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from the Perspective of Modern Medicine

Hu X, Zhu M, Zhou Q, Li Z, Luo L, Liang W, Chen S, Pu X, Du J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11395-11410

Published Date: 20 December 2025

Targeting Lactylation Offers Therapy to Reverse Cell Death Resistance

Wang Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Cao Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Wu S, Wang H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11371-11394

Published Date: 20 December 2025

The Effect of Ozone on Kidney and Liver Tissues in the Treatment of Sepsis Caused by Cecal Perforation in Diabetic Mice

Göbüt H, Şimşek BH, Inan N, Arslan M, Dikmen K, Sezen ŞC, Kavutcu M, Küçük A, Kurtipek Ö

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11355-11369

Published Date: 19 December 2025

Original Research

Fragment Based Drug Discovery by Microscale Thermophoresis Targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli IspE

Walsh DJ, Willocx D, Hamid R, Hamed MM, Hirsch AKH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11345-11353

Published Date: 18 December 2025

Proteome-Wide Mapping of Artesunate Targets Reveals Enrichment of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System

Wang G, Tang X, Zhang F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11325-11343

Published Date: 18 December 2025

Effect of Oliceridine on Sufentanil-Induced Cough During General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Gong WY, Li CG, Ge CL, Zhao CX, Yuan W, Yue XF, Fan K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11317-11324

Published Date: 17 December 2025

Optimal Propofol Dose with Oxycodone for Visceral Pain Relief in Anxious Patients Undergoing Abortion: A Clinical Trial Report

Chen L, Lu D, Zhang Y, Ji K, Long M, He K, Xie K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11307-11316

Published Date: 18 December 2025

Effects of Intravenous Subanesthetic-Dose Esketamine on Early Postoperative Pain in Elderly Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Lung Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Zhao H, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Liu M, Ning Y, Gao D, Hui K, Ji Q, Zhang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11289-11305

Published Date: 18 December 2025

Current Knowledge of the Integrated Stress Response in the Development and Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Novel Target with Encouraging Progress

Jiang W, Hong Y, Wang P, Yang X, Shao K, Li M, Wu D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11269-11288

Published Date: 17 December 2025

Effects of Ciprofol on Hemodynamics During Induction in Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study

Xiao H, Ji M, Shi X, Sun Q, Chen Z, Dong G, Ji F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11259-11267

Published Date: 16 December 2025

Landscape Analysis of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prophylactic Vaccine Clinical Trials in China Based on the NMPA Database

He G, Huang Y, Zhang X, Yuan L, Jiang H, Hong L, Zeng T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11245-11257

Published Date: 16 December 2025

The Effect of Opioid-Free Anesthesia with Esketamine on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Zhan Y, Liu Z, Meng S, Luo M, Huang Z, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11227-11244

Published Date: 16 December 2025

Standardized Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review

Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Chu H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11217-11225

Published Date: 16 December 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Telitacicept in IgA Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis-Associated Nephritis in Children: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study

Zhou L, Yang F, Han Y, Yang Y, Wu SY, Zhang Y, Zhou J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11207-11216

Published Date: 16 December 2025

Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Investigate the Action Mechanism of Allicin in Atherosclerosis

Wu S, Liu T, Weng M, Zhou Y, Ye L, Ruan S, Tang D, Zhong Q, Liu L, Zhao G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11187-11205

Published Date: 16 December 2025

Perioperative Ketamine Exposure and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Risk After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Multi-Institutional Study

Hung KC, Yu TS, Lai YC, Yu CH, Wu JY, Tsai WW, Chen IW

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11173-11185

Published Date: 16 December 2025

Double Filtration Plasmapheresis Shows Superior Short-Term Efficacy to Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Acute Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Prospective Observational Study

Li H, Ding J, Li Q, Pei X, Wang K, Peng J, Li W, Zhou X, Zhu D, Guan Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11163-11172

Published Date: 15 December 2025

Dihydroartemisinin: A Promising Therapeutic Agent Against the Hepatitis-to-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cascade

Wang T, Jiang W, Li J, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Chen J, Wen Y, Ma X, Zeng J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11145-11162

Published Date: 15 December 2025

Preparation of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Liposome and Its Therapeutic Effect on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pei Y, Si M, Ma X, Liu S, Zhao F, Zhou R

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11119-11144

Published Date: 13 December 2025

Infusion-Related Reactions Among Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The ARON-MOUSEION-013 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vitale E, Rizzo A, Maistrello L, Cauli O, Brunetti O, Monteiro FSM, Soares A, Santoni M, Mollica V, Massari F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11107-11118

Published Date: 13 December 2025

Decoding the Crosstalk Between Heat Shock Proteins and Phytochemicals in Thyroid Nodule Regression: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Zhang R, Lv J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11093-11105

Published Date: 13 December 2025

Analytical Strategies for Natural Mono- and Disaccharide Isomer Differentiation: Techniques and Applications

Yang R, Deng Z, Liu J, Shi Z, Jiang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11073-11092

Published Date: 12 December 2025

Effects of Subanesthetic Esketamine on Postoperative Sleep Quality Through EEG Analysis in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yin Z, Wang D, Xie X, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11057-11071

Published Date: 12 December 2025

Esketamine as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Genicular Nerve and IPACK Blocks for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial

Zhu X, Bao W, Wang L, Huang L, Wang Q, Pan L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11047-11056

Published Date: 12 December 2025

Network Pharmacology Analysis and Machine-Learning Models Confirmed the Ability of YiShen HuoXue Decoction to Alleviate Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Pyroptosis [Retraction]

Feng M, Luo F, Wu H, Chen Y, Zuo J, Weng X, Chen G, Zhong J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11045-11046

Published Date: 12 December 2025

Original Research

Detailed in silico Evaluation of WNV Proteins: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Insights into Doravirine as a Potential Multitarget Agent

Curcio A, Torti C, Quiros-Roldan E, Alcaro S, Artese A

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11021-11043

Published Date: 12 December 2025

Original Research

A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of a Single Oral Dose of Tigulixostat

Tao J, Liu S, Liu R, Xue W, Sun S, Wang S, Sun C, Li Y, Wang C, Tian X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11007-11020

Published Date: 12 December 2025

Effect of Ephedrine versus Phenylephrine on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Song JL, Zhang JT, Wang XJ, Yu X, Li Q, Lu B, Chen GY

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10991-11005

Published Date: 12 December 2025

D-Mannose Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers via Antioxidant Activity Through the HSP90/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

Yan F, Yan X, Li X, Liu M, Song B, Zhang R, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Bai M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10967-10989

Published Date: 11 December 2025

Effect of Esketamine on Perioperative Inflammatory Factors and Postoperative Analgesic Outcomes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Liu J, Liang Z, Wang H, Chen S, Xie Y, Xing F, Wang Z, Yang J, Yuan J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10953-10965

Published Date: 10 December 2025

Original Research

A Step Toward Precision Dosing of Escitalopram in Chinese Patients: An External Evaluation of Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models

Yan K, Xie X, Shao Q, Wang N, Yang M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10937-10951

Published Date: 11 December 2025

Drug Delivery Systems Targeting the Knee Microenvironment: A Prospective Strategy for Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment

Xia Y, Zhou Y, Liang B, Guo Y, Dai R, Ruan Z, Wang W, Zhou X, Li X, Wang T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10909-10935

Published Date: 11 December 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Clobazam Adjunctive Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Yu L, Chen S, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Fang Y, Mao F, Wang S, Yu Z, Li X, Dai H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10899-10908

Published Date: 9 December 2025

Effects of Different Doses of Butorphanol on Perioperative Analgesia, Recovery, and Immune Function in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery for Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Wang G, Xu M, Li C, Zhang N, Tian T, Gao C, Zhang W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10885-10897

Published Date: 8 December 2025

Anlotinib or Bevacizumab Combined with Taxane/Capecitabine for the Second-Line or Subsequent Treatment of HER-2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Xiang J, Sun P, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Song L, Liu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10871-10883

Published Date: 8 December 2025

7-Hydroxyethyl Chrysin Alleviates High Altitude Pulmonary Edema via Activation of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Wang G, Wang N, Xin Y, Ma H, Jing L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10847-10869

Published Date: 10 December 2025

Prospective Dose-Finding of Esketamine for Suppressing Cervical Dilation Response in Ambulatory Hysteroscopy Under Monitored Anesthesia Care

Yan L, Wang X, Wei J, Zhang M, Yang B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10835-10845

Published Date: 7 December 2025

Preventive Effect of Preoperative Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients with Sleep Disorders Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Chen C, Zhai R, Yang S, Xiong X, Lu J, Tang G, Tang S, Shi Y, Zhu Z, Chen D, Shi J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10821-10834

Published Date: 6 December 2025

The Effect of Pericapsular Nerve Group Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Rebound Pain in Older Hip Fracture Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Wang Q, Wang J, Liu Y, Dai Z, Wang Y, Xia X, Li Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10811-10820

Published Date: 5 December 2025

Advances in Pharmacological Activities, Biosynthesis, and Structural Modification of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA): A Review

Li P, Wang J, Hao H, Chen X, He X, Shao Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10775-10810

Published Date: 5 December 2025

Applying the Lasso Model to Identify Risk Factors for Piperacillin-Tazobactam-Induced Leukopenia

Liu J, Yuan X, Liu X, Liu L, Wen L, Zheng F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10765-10773

Published Date: 5 December 2025

Effects of Esketamine-Dexmedetomidine Combination on Immediate Postprocedural Oxygenation Index in Severe Pneumonia Patients Undergoing Bedside Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic Sputum Aspiration: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial

Wang Y, Zhang R, Wu B, Han J, Li Y, Zhang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10751-10764

Published Date: 4 December 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Nasal Spray as a Premedication in Patients Undergoing Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Under Sedation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhao G, Qin W, Wu J, Wei S, Jiang X, Qiu H, Du X, Chen L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10735-10749

Published Date: 4 December 2025

Canagliflozin as a Potential Preclinical Therapy for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Inhibition of Tsc2−/− Cell Proliferation via Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Ye J, Liu B, Wu J, Gao H, Wei Q, Su K, Zheng K, Dai X, Xu T, Wang Y, Liu S, Peng X, Gou L, Zhao Y, Xue B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10719-10733

Published Date: 4 December 2025

Dose Optimization of Rivaroxaban in Elderly Chinese Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of Populations Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Relationships

Li TY, Liu X, Tang L, Cai W, Zhang J, Su Y, Yu C, Liu BJ, Jiang LF, Liu C, Yu YX

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10703-10717

Published Date: 3 December 2025

Enhanced Nutritional Support May Ameliorate Rivaroxaban-Related Rapid Renal Function Decline: New Insights from a Real-World Study

Meng C, Li L, Han Y, Zhang X, Lin Y, Liu H, Jiang S, Yan T, Zhang L, Chang B, Zhou X, Jia J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10691-10701

Published Date: 3 December 2025

Emerging Strategies for Bioactive Agent-Loaded Xenogeneic Bone Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

Zhang J, Qin W, Yue W, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Xu G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10665-10690

Published Date: 3 December 2025

Bradycardia in Ophthalmic Surgery: A Care-Bundle, Not Drug-to-Drug, Comparison [Response to Letter]

Wu SC, Chin JC, Hung KC, Hsu CY, Tsai YF, Illias AM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10661-10663

Published Date: 3 December 2025

Exploratory Study on the Role of Emodin in Alleviating MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Focus on p53-Ferroptosis Signaling

Chen Y, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Chen Q, Chen X, Yang K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10645-10660

Published Date: 1 December 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Remimazolam versus Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam in Awake Endotracheal Intubation for Difficult Airway Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study

Tang L, Zhang M, Guo J, Zhang M, Chen W, Zhao X, Huang J, Sheng L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10633-10643

Published Date: 1 December 2025

The Effect of Local Infiltration of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant on Breakthrough Pain During Epidural Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Liu D, Wang X, Wu XX, Ouyang RN, Niu JY, Tao QY, Wang YH, Wang J, Zhu H, Zhang F, Zhu HJ, Yu JM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10621-10631

Published Date: 2 December 2025

Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Food Effects of Single and Multiple Oral Doses of ABP-671 in Healthy and Hyperuricemic Subjects

Gurwith M, Wu RJ, Schwertschlag U, Jin AW, Shi D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10607-10620

Published Date: 28 November 2025

Molecular Insights into Phytochemicals Mediated Epigenetic Regulation in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer

Pandey P, Alkhathami AG, Saeed M, Alshaghdali K, Kumar S, Tallei TE, Bae H, Park MN, Kumar G, Kim B, Khan F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10589-10606

Published Date: 27 November 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Treating Adult Patients with Minimal Change Disease and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Prospective Study Compared with Glucocorticoids

Zhao YX, Li X, Cheng X, Pan Y, Liu L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10571-10587

Published Date: 27 November 2025

Remifentanil-Propofol versus Propofol Alone in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Anesthesia Outcomes

Zhu J, Wei H, Jiang M, Li T, Wu R, Chen H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10561-10569

Published Date: 27 November 2025

Ultrasound Evaluation of the Effect of Impaired Vascular Dilation Function in Diabetic Patients on the Vasodilatory Effect of Nitroglycerin During the Perioperative Period – A Prospective Trial Cohort Study

Chen J, Wu M, Wen Q, Yuan M, Liu X, Zhang M, He J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10547-10560

Published Date: 27 November 2025

Dual Regulation and Clinical Application of miR-34 in Virus-Related Tumors Through Anti-Viral Immunity and Tumor Suppression

Pan Y, Shi S, Li J, Li Z, Li D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10519-10545

Published Date: 26 November 2025

The Predictive Value of Initial Trough Concentration of Voriconazole and Procalcitonin in Hepatotoxic Adverse Events

Chen L, Wang X, Wu X, Qin H, Zhu H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10507-10518

Published Date: 26 November 2025

Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Exposure and One-Year Mortality Risk After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Multi-Institutional Study

Hung KC, Chang LC, Lai YC, Wu JY, Chen IW

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10495-10506

Published Date: 25 November 2025

Effects of Fentanyl-Reduced Regimen with Esketamine and Remimazolam on Bronchoscopy in Elderly Patients

Xie A, Zhang X, Han J, Wu D, Ju F, Zhou Y, Zhou R

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10485-10493

Published Date: 25 November 2025

Targeting THR-β for MASLD: Mechanisms and Drug Development

Hua Y, Liu Y, Xing L, Yu X, Zheng P, Yang L, Song H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10473-10483

Published Date: 24 November 2025

Advanced Natural Therapeutics and Delivery Strategies for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Mini Review

Liu Q, Yu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10449-10472

Published Date: 25 November 2025

Application of Loading Dose Warfarin in Postpartum Women with Pulmonary Embolism – a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

Huang W, Sun H, Zhou L, Chen Y, Huo Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10437-10448

Published Date: 24 November 2025

Clinical Trial Report

Phase 1b Multicenter Study of SG001, a Humanized Anti-PD-1 Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

Fang J, Jiang O, Li W, Lin J, Fang M, Li Q, Zhao W, Wang K, Shi H, Chen Z, Yu J, Xing X, Zhao M, Liu A, Wang W, Han Z, Xiang S, Zhang X, Li J, Zhou C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10423-10435

Published Date: 24 November 2025

Pegylated Interferon-α-Induced Functional Cure for Special Populations with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Current Trends, Challenges and Prospection

Zhang Y, Li Y, Lian JQ, Kang W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10411-10422

Published Date: 22 November 2025

The Clinical Application of GLP-1RAs and GLP-1/GIP Dual Receptor Agonists Based on Pharmacological Mechanisms: A Review

Liu Z, Yu S, Jin X, Sheng L, YanMu MR, Gao J, Lu J, Lei T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10383-10409

Published Date: 22 November 2025

Optimizing Venlafaxine Therapy in Pregnancy: A Maternal–Fetal PBPK Modeling Approach

Choi SY, Yang E, Shin KH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10367-10382

Published Date: 22 November 2025

Effect of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine on the Quality of Recovery After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study

Xie Y, Luo Z, Yan Q, Cai J, Zhu B, Zhang G, Wu X, Liao C, Zheng B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10357-10365

Published Date: 21 November 2025

Intravenous Lidocaine and Cognitive Recovery After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Liang Y, Qian B, Zhuo Y, Zhang J, Gao W, Li H, Zhang X, Lin W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10343-10355

Published Date: 22 November 2025

Momordicae Semen: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Herbal Processing, Clinical Applications, and Q-Markers Prediction

Deng X, Liu Y, Zhu X, Zhu H, Huang C, Hong Y, Wu D, Han Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10303-10341

Published Date: 22 November 2025

Esketamine for Postoperative Depressive Symptoms: Considerations for Broader Perioperative Practice [Response to Letter]

Shen M, Wang J, Xuan Y, Chen K, Lei W, Huang Y, Sun J, Lu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10301-10302

Published Date: 22 November 2025

Effects of Sevofurane versus Propofol Total Intravenous Anaesthesia on Renal Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial [Response to Letter]

Zhang Y, Chen H, Peng K, Yan J, Meng XW, Liu HY, Liu H, Shan XS, Ji FH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10299-10300

Published Date: 21 November 2025

A Dual-Targeted Therapy with Fucoidan-Functionalized Thrombolytic Discoidal Microparticles for Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Choi W, Cho H, Jang H, Park H, Youn I, Han S, Key J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10281-10297

Published Date: 21 November 2025

Clinical Trial Report

Pyrotinib Plus Trastuzumab as an Effective Later-Line Therapeutic Strategy for HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results from a Phase II Study

Yang W, Zhang J, Wu G, Zhang W, Zhou A, Yang L, Sun Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10269-10280

Published Date: 21 November 2025

Clinical Trial Report

Determine of 90% Effective Dose of Oliceridine Combined with Etomidate for Inhibiting Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion Responses in Patients of Different Ages: A Biased-Coin Sequential Allocation Dose-Finding Trial

Xu F, Cui Y, Wang Z, Liu R, Tang J, Xu Y, Li L, Li C, Wang M, Pu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10259-10268

Published Date: 20 November 2025

Dosing Optimization of Lamotrigine in Peripregnancy Epilepsy Through PopPK Modelling and Simulation

Huo J, Liu Y, Yang J, Chen M, Yang L, Wang L, Zhang D, Liu T, Gao W, Dai H, Mei S, Zhao Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10243-10258

Published Date: 20 November 2025

Cationic Liposome-Mediated Bcl-2 Gene Transfection in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Novel Regenerative Approach for Spinal Cord Injury

Yuan H, Feng X, Hidayat Ullah K, Chu B, Wang T, Zhou X, Gu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10225-10242

Published Date: 19 November 2025

Engineered Delivery Systems for Chinese Herbal Medicine in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Challenges, Advances, and Future Perspectives

Zhang R, Gu M, Ma R, Li R, Xu S, Xu Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10195-10224

Published Date: 18 November 2025

Therapeutic Potential of Tocopherol and Tocotrienol in Glaucoma Management

Latib F, Zafendi MAI, Mohd Lazaldin MA

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10175-10194

Published Date: 19 November 2025

Effect of Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the CACT-IHF Randomized Trial

Zhou Z, Wang S, Du Y, Zhao Z, Bi Y, Su Q, Hou Y, Wang X, Mao J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10163-10174

Published Date: 15 November 2025

Chloral Hydrate’s Impact on Brain Development: From Clinical Safety to Molecular Mechanisms

Deng P, Zhu C, Zhang J, Zhu L, Xiao T, Qu S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10149-10162

Published Date: 15 November 2025

Clinical Benefits of Denosumab vs Zoledronate in Postmenopausal Women Previously Treated with Alendronate: A Two-Year Retrospective Study

Wang Z, Mei Y, Shen L, Gu J, Ren N, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10135-10148

Published Date: 15 November 2025

Clozapine Drug–Drug Interactions and Individualized Dosing in Bipolar Disorder: A Model-Informed Precision Dosing Approach

Zhang Y, Wang J, Tian X, Zhang YJ, Li Y, He SM, Zhang C, Chen X, Wang DD

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10119-10134

Published Date: 14 November 2025

The Impact of Intranasal Esketamine on Emergence Agitation in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study

Li J, Jia G, Wang R, Zheng R, Yuan K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10109-10117

Published Date: 13 November 2025

Determination of Total and Free Plasma Concentration of Liposomal Mitoxantrone and Clinical Application in Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

Xu Y, Zhang Q, Qie H, Gao X, Gao J, Feng Z, Wang M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10093-10108

Published Date: 14 November 2025

Geniposide Stabilized Atherosclerosis Plaque by Induced M2 Polarization via PPARγ Signaling Pathway [Letter]

Guo H, Zhao Y, Cong Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10091-10092

Published Date: 14 November 2025

Gracillin Protects Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury from Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis

Shen Y, Shi R, Wang G, Liu H, Li C, Liu F, Cai J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10075-10090

Published Date: 12 November 2025

Effect of Nebulized Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Female Patients Undergoing Radical Thoracoscopic Lung Cancer Resection: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial

Liu X, Zhu H, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Li B, Wei W, Wei L, Zhang J, Zhang W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10061-10073

Published Date: 12 November 2025

Population Pharmacokinetics of Tigecycline and Implications for Individualized Therapy Optimization: A Systematic Review

Dai A, Zheng F, Liu J, Chen Q, Zhou Z, Yu L, Yu Z, Guan Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10045-10060

Published Date: 11 November 2025

Effect of Oliceridine Combined with Sufentanil on Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia in Elderly Patients After Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Tian Y, Hu J, Pan H, Bai G, Zhang Z, Zhang P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10033-10043

Published Date: 8 November 2025

Effectiveness of Sequential Treatment with Zoledronic Acid Following Discontinuation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review

Ouyang H, Yang F, Wei W, Wang W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10013-10031

Published Date: 9 November 2025

Esketamine for Postoperative Depressive Symptoms: Considerations for Broader Perioperative Practice [Letter]

Matthewson L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:10011-10012

Published Date: 8 November 2025

PSORI-CM02 Restores Epidermal Differentiation in Psoriasis via the Gut Microbiota–Sphingolipid Axis

Wu Y, Pan S, Yin C, Kong Y, Huo W, Wang Q, Wu J, Li L, Wei J, Lu C, Han L, Lu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9993-10010

Published Date: 7 November 2025

Targeting CD20 in Primary Membranous Nephropathy Serologically and Histologically Negative for PLA2R: Is Obinutuzumab Superior to Rituximab?

Cao H, Feng Y, Li X, Ke B, Gong L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9983-9992

Published Date: 7 November 2025

Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for HBsAg Seroclearance After Peg-IFN-Based Therapy: A Multicentre Study

Liu HH, Jiang XM, Cui C, Zhao J, Xu J, Wang SK, Hu LH, Yin YP, Wang X, Yu LJ, Xu C, Zhao ZH, Xing YQ, Liu Y, Wang K, Gao S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9973-9982

Published Date: 7 November 2025

Hirsutella sinensis Fungus Enhances CD8+ T Cell Anti-Tumor Activity in NSCLC via Modulating the IL-10/STAT3/STAT1 Axis

Zhang L, Xu Y, Luo J, Lin H, Xia L, Zhu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9955-9971

Published Date: 6 November 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine–Lidocaine for Anesthesia Induction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Xu J, Yuan M, Zhou T, Zhang M, Li Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9943-9953

Published Date: 6 November 2025

The Critical Role of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Osteoporosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Measures

Hou K, Shi W, Xu K, Wang T, Zhang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9913-9942

Published Date: 6 November 2025

Pharmacological Potentials and Delivery Strategies of Isoliquiritigenin: Challenges and Advances in Enhancing Bioavailability

Tang S, Deng Z, Ou M, Wang Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9879-9911

Published Date: 5 November 2025

Integrating Clinical Multi-Omics, Machine Learning, and Molecular Docking Strategies to Reveal the Mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue Prescription in the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Failure

Wei J, Qiao L, Yu P, Li Y, Li X, Li M, Zhu X, Wu W, Wang A, Zhang Y, Li L, Li B, Zhao Q, Yu R, Li Y, Dong Z, Nie S, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9853-9878

Published Date: 6 November 2025

The Gastroprotective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Coral Calcium in a Mouse Model of Peptic Ulcer Disease

Wu HT, Hsieh MT, Ou HY, Chao TH, Tsai LM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9845-9851

Published Date: 6 November 2025

P2Y12R Blockade Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury Associated with Suppression of Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptotic Signaling

Zhang LF, Lin XM, Zeng ZH, Xie RC, Yi LT, Ma JF

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9825-9844

Published Date: 5 November 2025

Drug–Drug Interactions and Individualized Clozapine Therapy in Patients with Depression: Insights from Real-World Data

Jiang L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9809-9823

Published Date: 4 November 2025

Determining the Median Effective Dose of Remimazolam for Anesthesia Induction in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: An Age-Stratified Study

Meng Y, Song Y, Gao C, Wang S, He K, Xu M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9797-9808

Published Date: 4 November 2025

Low-Dose Esketamine Plus Dexmedetomidine in Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia Improves Post-Cesarean Sleep Quality: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial

Zhang L, He Y, Chen L, Liu X, Zhang T, Zhou X, Mao W, Zhao L, Li L, Xie Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9789-9796

Published Date: 4 November 2025

Pediatric Anesthesia, Psychology, and Interventions: A Narrative Review

Yu Q, Han Q, Yan R, Ding X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9779-9787

Published Date: 4 November 2025

A Prospective, Randomized Trial Comparing Hydromorphone and Nalbuphine for Postcesarean Patient-Controlled Analgesia and Developing a Risk Prediction Model for Inadequate Analgesia

Zhang K, Sun J, Zhang C, Jiao B, Zhang W, Yu S, Cao X, Zhou Z, Zhang G, Zhang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9759-9778

Published Date: 1 November 2025

Determination of ED90s of Phenylephrine and Norepinephrine Infusion for Strict Blood Pressure Management Targets in Preeclamptic Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: A Randomized Sequential Allocation Study

Ma Y, Ma R, Shi Y, Qin R, Chen Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9751-9757

Published Date: 1 November 2025

Efficacy of Intravenous Butorphanol for Preventing Epidural-Related Maternal Fever (ERMF) During Epidural Labor Analgesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Zhang Y, Chen X, Xu S, Feng S, Li C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9737-9749

Published Date: 1 November 2025

Casticin Improves Respiratory Dysfunction and Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Inhibition of NF-ĸB in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model of Chronic Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Rats [Retraction]

Li J, Qiu C, Xu P, Lu Y, Chen RC

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9735-9736

Published Date: 30 October 2025

Beyond Function: Did Anesthetic Choice Influence Subclinical Kidney Injury Rather Than Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate? [Letter]

Chen YJ, Tai WH, Hung MH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9733-9734

Published Date: 30 October 2025

Luteolin’s Potential in Managing Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Disorders: Preclinical Insights

Du J, Qin W, Wen F, Zhao D, Yin X, Guo Z, Feng Q, Gu E, Pan Z, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9715-9732

Published Date: 29 October 2025

Bone-Targeting Liposome-Encapsulated Salvianic Acid A Improves Nonunion Healing Through the Regulation of HDAC3-Mediated Endochondral Ossification [Retraction]

Zhou L, Wu H, Gao X, Zheng X, Chen H, Li H, Peng J, Liang W, Wang W, Qiu Z, Udduttula A, Wu K, Li L, Liu Y, Liu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9713-9714

Published Date: 29 October 2025

Exploring the Underlying Mechanism of Shenyankangfu Tablet in the Treatment of Glomerulonephritis Through Network Pharmacology, Machine Learning, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation [Retraction]

Jin M, Ren W, Zhang W, Liu L, Yin Z, Li D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9711-9712

Published Date: 29 October 2025

Ventilagolin Suppresses Migration, Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Downregulating Pim-1 [Retraction]

Liu Y, Cheng DH, Lai KD, Su H, Lu GS, Wang L, Lv JH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9709-9710

Published Date: 30 October 2025

Pharmacological Management of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; A Qualitative Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov

Alorfi NM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9697-9708

Published Date: 29 October 2025

Effects of Continuous Perioperative Esketamine Infusion on Postoperative Depression in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial

Shen M, Xuan Y, Chen K, Lei W, Huang Y, Wang J, Sun J, Lu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9685-9695

Published Date: 29 October 2025

Safety of Remimazolam in Vulnerable Populations [Corrigendum]

Ge JY, Deng BR, Cao XH, Liu XJ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9683-9684

Published Date: 29 October 2025

Comparison of Remimazolam and Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Delirium and Emergence Agitation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Trial

Chen X, Zhao W, Yu B, Liu Y, Ma Y, Tang C, Huang Y, Yan M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9671-9681

Published Date: 27 October 2025

Relative Bioavailability of Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol – is Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling a Relevant Alternative to a Non-Compartmental Approach?

Rosenborg J, Bäckman P, Bengtsson T, Haughie S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9653-9670

Published Date: 27 October 2025

Standards for Computational Methods in Drug Design and Discovery: Simplified Guidance for Authors and Reviewers

Ibrahim TM, Hussain M, Boeckler FM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9649-9652

Published Date: 27 October 2025

The Mechanism of Xuanyu Tongjing Decoction Regulating NOD/NFκB Pathway to Inhibit Ectopic Tissue Inflammation to Reduce Ovarian Damage in Rats with Ovarian Endometriosis [Corrigendum]

Fan W, Zhai F, Yuan Z, Hu G, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9647-9648

Published Date: 26 October 2025

Cyp3a4-Mediated in vitro Metabolism and in vivo Disposition of Lorlatinib in Rats

Xie C, Guan T, Huang J, Chen J, Li Y, Zheng P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9627-9645

Published Date: 25 October 2025

Potential of Secondary Metabolite Compounds of Black Cumin Seeds (Nigella sativa L.) as Therapeutic Agents for Chronic Diseases

Kurnia D, Dharsono HDA, Takaya A, Padilah R, Apriyanti E

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9603-9626

Published Date: 25 October 2025

Exosomes as Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Primary Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review [Corrigendum]

Chen G, Li H, Chen R, Chen G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9601-9602

Published Date: 25 October 2025

Prospects and Challenges of Chitosan-Based Drug Carriers for Anticancer Agents’ Delivery Against Lung Cancer: A Review

Liu Y, Yang B, Chen H, Liao Y, Zhang S, Yang J, Chen W, Liu H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9581-9599

Published Date: 25 October 2025

Blood Pressure Reduction During Anesthetic Induction with Remimazolam versus Propofol in Elderly Patients: Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Remimazolam

Oh J, Kim KM, Sim JH, Lee EK, Choi BM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9571-9580

Published Date: 26 October 2025

Real-World Efficacy of Cadonilimab Plus Chemotherapy as Second-Line Therapy in Immunotherapy-Pretreated Advanced HER2 Negative Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer

Liu Z, Lu Y, Li M, Xiang J, Sun P, Liu A

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9559-9569

Published Date: 25 October 2025

The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review

Liu J, Zheng J, Xu Y, Jiang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9545-9558

Published Date: 24 October 2025

Optimizing Micafungin Dosing in Patients with Critically Ill Candidemia and Trends of Candida Species Causing Bloodstream Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach

Watcharasuwanseree J, Chueansuwan W, Suwantarat N, Santimaleeworagun W, Juntanawiwat P, Sangchankoom A, Saelim W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9535-9544

Published Date: 24 October 2025

Bradycardia in Ophthalmic Surgery: A Care-Bundle, Not Drug-to-Drug, Comparison [Letter]

Lin YT, Chang WT, Hung MH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9533-9534

Published Date: 24 October 2025

Intranasal Dexmedetomidine with Propofol Provides Superior Sedation for Pediatric Contrast-Enhanced CT: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhang SJ, Weng YJ, Lei Q, Lin MY, Chen HL, Fang TF, Lu GL

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9523-9532

Published Date: 24 October 2025

Effects of Oliceridine Versus Sufentanil on Hemodynamic Stability in Elderly Hypertensive Patients During Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chen L, Xie K, Ji K, Long M, Zhang Y, He K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9515-9522

Published Date: 22 October 2025

Chronic Inflammatory Comprehensive Signature Predicts Oxaliplatin and 5-Fluorouracil Benefit in Early Colorectal Cancer

Peng Y, Shang R, Wang ZJ, Ye QY, Tang XY, Cheng XX, Ying HQ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9501-9514

Published Date: 23 October 2025

Design, Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity Studies of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole-Urea Hybrids

Gao E, Zhang H, Guo Y, Wang X, Mao L, Peng L, Xu G, Yao X, Li S, Long H, Wang T, Wu H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9481-9499

Published Date: 22 October 2025

Rhubarb: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Multiomics-Based Novel Pharmacological and Toxicological Mechanisms

Miao H, Wang KE, Li P, Zhao YY

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9457-9480

Published Date: 23 October 2025

MLN4924 Suppresses Acute Myeloid Leukemia Progression by LINC01128-Driven Epigenetic Reactivation of TRIM58

Guo Y, Jian J, Tang X, An S, Zhao L, Chen R, Ma W, Liu B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9439-9456

Published Date: 22 October 2025

Effects of Esketamine on Postoperative Delirium and Postoperative Cognitive Function in Elderly Gastrointestinal Tumor Patients with Preoperative Anxiety

Zha J, Chen H, Sun Z, Shi R, Yan R, Guo L, Chen X, Lan X, Huang H, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9425-9437

Published Date: 17 October 2025

Renal Function and Hemoglobin Independently Predict Levetiracetam Exposure in Epilepsy Patients: A Multifactorial Regression Study

Jiang X, Xiong F, Lin Z, Huang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9415-9423

Published Date: 17 October 2025

Feasibility and Tolerability of Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy and Embolization for Recurrent/Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Retrospective Exploratory Study

Li J, Liu R, Zhu BR, Wang DL, Zhou JM, Yang WW, Wang MQ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9399-9413

Published Date: 16 October 2025

Oxycodone versus Sufentanil for Postoperative Recovery in Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Yao X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Jia W, Sheng X, Zhou Y, Xu C, Jiao H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9387-9397

Published Date: 17 October 2025

Cardiac Myosin Inhibitors in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Clinical Advances and Therapeutic Prospects

Hou L, Lin B, Ji X, Huang A

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9367-9385

Published Date: 17 October 2025

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Fospropofol Disodium for Injection in Subjects with Hepatic Impairment Compared with Healthy Matched Controls: A Prospective Cohort Study

Wang R, Jiang X, Cao Q, Zhang W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9355-9366

Published Date: 17 October 2025

Methodological Considerations in the Evaluation of Ciprofol’s Effect on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients [Response to Letter]

Chen Z, Liu YY, Hu Q, Wang JS, Cao RY, Yu ST, Lu F, Zhong ML, Liang WD, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9353-9354

Published Date: 17 October 2025

Determination of the 90% Effective Dose of Oliceridine Combined with Propofol for Day-Case Hysteroscopy

Song CZ, Xu Y, Mei Z, Yao SJ, Song SB, Guo L, Yu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9343-9351

Published Date: 15 October 2025

Chemoradiotherapy with or Without Anlotinib for Postoperative Lymph Node Recurrence of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Real-World Observational Study

Zhu J, Tong YS, Zhu WG, Wang WW, Ji FZ, Zhou XL

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9331-9342

Published Date: 15 October 2025

Comparison of Ciprofol, Remimazolam, and Propofol on Arrhythmia Inducibility in Pediatric Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Retrospective Study

Zhang X, Zhang N, Wang K, Ren Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9321-9329

Published Date: 14 October 2025

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling Analysis of rhIL-7-hyFc, a Hybrid Fc-Fused Long-Acting Interleukin-7, to Support Optimal Dosing Regimens in Patients with Solid Cancer

Park S, Lee SM, Pak KC, Byun MS, Choi D, Lim HS

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9303-9320

Published Date: 17 October 2025

Effects of Dexmedetomidine Nasal Sprays on Postoperative Sleep Quality in Patients Who Underwent Laparoscopic Gynaecological Surgery: A Single-Centre, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study

Fan K, Ma J, Liu W, Chen X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9291-9302

Published Date: 15 October 2025

Ciprofol vs Propofol for Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fan G, Hu Z, Zheng S, Chen S, Yi K, Yin S, Sun W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9279-9290

Published Date: 15 October 2025

A Systematic Review of Population Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Factors Influencing Trough Concentrations of Voriconazole in Asian Patients with Liver Dysfunction

Hu L, Wang C, Huang S, Tang X, Li Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9265-9278

Published Date: 14 October 2025

Impact of GnRH Agonist Pretreatment on Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Outcomes of Overweight/Obese Women Undergoing Hormone Replacement Therapy

Huang Z, Liao Y, Xie Q, Deng Y, Chen H, Wan X, Tian L, Xia L, Zhao Y, Huang J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9253-9263

Published Date: 13 October 2025

Zhinao Capsule Improved Sleep and Memory Disorders in APP/PS1 Mice via cAMP/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway Modulation

Xi H, Xie W, Yang Y, Li X, Zhai S, Fang S, Yang Y, Rao Z, Yang W, Li H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9235-9252

Published Date: 13 October 2025

Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Intravenous Lenzilumab, an Anti-GM-CSF Monoclonal Antibody Drug, in Healthy Korean Subjects

Kang J, Bae S, Yu KS, Lee S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9227-9234

Published Date: 11 October 2025

Repurposing Artemisinin-Based Drugs from Antimalarial to Pan-Therapeutic: Pharmacological Promise and Therapeutic Challenges

Wu D, Zeng H, Tan J, Xu Q, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Yang S, Huang C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9199-9226

Published Date: 11 October 2025

Promising Future of Novel Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Against Bacterial Resistance

Tayeb SM, Alharbi JA, Alattas BB, Alotaibi DM, Althibaiti NM, Alharbi JF, SafirAldeen AE, Alqurashi IR, Wali SM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9185-9197

Published Date: 9 October 2025

Exploring the Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetics Characteristics of Flurbiprofen Isomers in Selective Joint Replacement Patients with Postoperative Pain

Yao H, Luo X, Yuan J, Zhang H, An H, Feng Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9169-9183

Published Date: 9 October 2025

Enhancing Quercetin’s Potential: A Nanoliposome Delivery System for High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

Lin L, Shen B, Cui J, Gao Y, Wang L, Yang T, Weng J, Lai C, Tang X, Xiao C, Shen X, Gao Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9151-9167

Published Date: 8 October 2025

Liposomal Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Paravertebral Block Reduces Opioid Consumption and Accelerates Recovery After Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Wang LL, Zhu Y, Hui LY, Zhang X, He JS, Zhang NL, Dong Y, Feng W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9137-9149

Published Date: 7 October 2025

Effect of Opioid-Free Anesthesia on the Quality of Early Recovery After Total Hip Arthroplasty in Elderly Patients (Aged 65-80 Years) as Assessed by the QoR-15 Score: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Su Y, Qin Z, Li X, Zhang X, Tong F, Wu L, Kong M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9127-9136

Published Date: 7 October 2025

Efficacy of Different Doses of Remimazolam Tosilate Combined with Esketamine in Painless Abortion Patients: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang M, Zou X, Hu B, Yang Y, Li H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9117-9126

Published Date: 8 October 2025

Exosomes as Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Primary Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review

Chen G, Li H, Chen R, Chen G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9099-9115

Published Date: 7 October 2025

FAK-Induced Time Dependent Cell Response Profiling: Prediction, Identification, and Analysis of Anti-Tumor Immune Natural Products

Jin L, Chen M, Lou J, Fu J, Bai N, Liu X, Mao W, Li Z, Shou Q, Fu H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9079-9097

Published Date: 6 October 2025

Mechanistic Insights into FOLFOX-Induced Neurotoxicity and Determination of Its Concentrations via a Novel, Simultaneous HPLC Quantification Method in Brain Tissue

Mansouri RA, Ahmed AM, Alshaibi HF, Fouda WM, Aboubakr EM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9055-9077

Published Date: 6 October 2025

Effects of Sevoflurane Versus Propofol Total Intravenous Anaesthesia on Renal Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Zhang Y, Chen H, Peng K, Yan J, Meng XW, Liu HY, Liu H, Shan XS, Ji FH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9041-9053

Published Date: 6 October 2025

Promethazine Combined with Metoclopramide for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Liu R, Bi R, Zhang J, Li X, Tian B, Yan W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9029-9039

Published Date: 4 October 2025

Pharmacological Potential and Molecular Targets of Tetrahydrofurofuranoid Lignans From Magnoliae Flos

Yi X, Xiao Z, Chen J, Chen G, Ma P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9011-9027

Published Date: 3 October 2025

Oxyresveratrol Alleviates Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea and Enhances Antitumor Effects in Colorectal Cancer [Retraction]

Yang X, Yu H, Zhou L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9009-9010

Published Date: 4 October 2025

Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Essential Oil from Perilla frutescens and its Main Component (Perillaldehyde) on Zebrafish Embryos and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells [Retraction]

Zhou F, Dai O, Peng C, Xiong L, Ao H, Liu F, Zhou QM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9007-9008

Published Date: 4 October 2025

The Synergistic Effects of Astragalus Mongholicus and Salvia Miltiorrhiza on Coronary Heart Disease Identified by Network Pharmacology and Experiment [Retraction]

Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu YM, Chen YY, Yang XC, Duan L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9005-9006

Published Date: 3 October 2025

Knockdown of lncRNA HOXA-AS3 Suppresses the Progression of Atherosclerosis via Sponging miR-455-5p [Retraction]

Chi K, Zhang J, Sun H, Liu Y, Li Y, Yuan T, Zhang F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9003-9004

Published Date: 4 October 2025

Saussurea tridactyla Sch. Bip.-Derived Polysaccharides and Flavones Reduce Oxidative Damage in Ultraviolet B-Irradiated HaCaT Cells via a p38MAPK-Independent Mechanism [Retraction]

Guo Y, Sun J, Ye J, Ma W, Yan H, Wang G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:9001-9002

Published Date: 3 October 2025

The Investigational Aurora Kinase A Inhibitor Alisertib (MLN8237) Induces Cell Cycle G2/M Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy via p38 MAPK and Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Human Breast Cancer Cells [Retraction]

Li J, Yang Y, Liu Q, Pan S, He Z, Zhang X, Yang T, Chen X, Wang D, Qiu J, Zhou S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8999-9000

Published Date: 3 October 2025

Inhibition of Mitotic Aurora Kinase A by Alisertib Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy of Human Gastric Cancer AGS and NCI-N78 Cells [Retraction]

Yuan C, Zhou Z, Yang Y, He Z, Zhang X, Wang D, Yang T, Wang N, Zhao RJ, Zhou S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8997-8998

Published Date: 3 October 2025

A Phase I Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of QP002 for the Treatment of Post-Operative Pain After Tension-Free Repair of Open Unilateral Inguinal Hernia

Yang L, Liu J, Liu S, Cao D, Xie K, Zhang X, Yang M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8985-8995

Published Date: 2 October 2025

Astragaloside IV Alleviates Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Modulating ITGB1/PTK2/p38 Pathway: Integrated Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Tang Z, Cheng L, Li M, Huang C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8967-8984

Published Date: 2 October 2025

Modified Sijunzi Decoction Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Improves Immune Suppression: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Zhang Y, Ruan L, Li X, Si W, Yang P, Ba H, Chen Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8949-8966

Published Date: 2 October 2025

Dexmedetomidine’s Effect on Catecholamine and Inflammation in Reducing In-Hospital Adverse Events for Older Patients with STEMI Undergoing Primary PCI

Liu GA, Wu W, Zhou L, Zhang R, Liu F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8935-8947

Published Date: 2 October 2025

Methodological Considerations in the Evaluation of Ciprofol’s Effect on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients [Letter]

Lu Y, Cai F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8933-8934

Published Date: 1 October 2025

Natural Products from Traditional Chinese Medicine: Potential Therapeutic Agents in Cancer Therapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity [Corrigendum]

Jin R, You Q, Li C, Zhao N, Jia C, Koo C, Zhang W, Liu B, Huang K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8931-8932

Published Date: 1 October 2025

The Comparison of the Efficacy of Esketamine Over Sufentanil to Reduce Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Qiu Z, Guo Y, Zhong W, Chen W, Xiang P, Liang J, Du J, Li X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8919-8929

Published Date: 2 October 2025

LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Three Oxazolidinone Antimicrobials in Human Plasma: Application to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Zhang N, Bai N, Wang Y, Liang B, Cai Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8903-8917

Published Date: 1 October 2025

Deciphering the Role of Oroxylin A in Liver Fibrosis

Wang S, Wu J, Sun J, Chen W, Tian Z, Huang S, Wang M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8891-8902

Published Date: 30 September 2025

Estimation of ED50 and ED95 of Oliceridine Required to Suppress the Bronchoscopy Response in Patients Undergoing Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Under Sedation with Cipepofol: An Up-and-Down Sequential Allocation Trial

Wu D, Liao Y, Qin Y, Wang Y, Xu B, Chen Q, Wang X, Wu X, Li Y, Guan X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8879-8889

Published Date: 30 September 2025

Combined Esketamine and Dexmedetomidine Decreases the Risk of Postoperative Delirium in Neurosurgical Pediatrics: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Wen CY, Bao J, Zhou Y, Mu DL, Ding T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8865-8877

Published Date: 30 September 2025

Emodin Alleviates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Directly Targeting TAK1

Zhang Y, Zhang M, Li T, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhou L, Hu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8843-8864

Published Date: 30 September 2025

Huangqi Baihe Granules Attenuate Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Brain Injury via HIF-1a/p53/Caspase-3 Pathway

Zhang X, Cao W, Pan M, Huo J, Zhang N, Guo J, Huang Y, Liu Y, Gong H, Su Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8823-8841

Published Date: 29 September 2025

Geniposide Stabilized Atherosclerosis Plaque by Induced M2 Polarization via PPARγ Signaling Pathway

Jin Z, Chu Q, Du Z, Li J, Wu W, Zhou X, Zhao H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8805-8821

Published Date: 30 September 2025

A Novel Letrozole Stair-Step Duration Regimen for Ovulation Induction in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Letrozole Resistance

Zhu X, Lang J, Zhi Y, Wang Q, Fu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8793-8803

Published Date: 29 September 2025

Pharmacokinetics, Relative Bioavailability, and Safety of the SHR0302 Oral Solution and Tablets: A Single-Center, Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover (Two-Formulation, Two-Period) Phase I Trial in Healthy Chinese Volunteers

Gao X, Shen K, Tang D, Bai W, Wang J, Wang T, Wang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8783-8792

Published Date: 26 September 2025

Review

Synergistic Innovative Therapies in Dermatology: Integrating Platelet Derivatives, Biomaterials, and Exogenous Bioactive Substances for Enhancing Skin Repair and Regeneration

Anitua E, Tierno R, Orive G, Alkhraisat MH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8755-8782

Published Date: 27 September 2025

Labor Analgesia Initiation with Dural Puncture Epidural versus Standard Epidural Techniques: A Prospective Randomized Dose Allocation Study of Ropivacaine

Xiao F, Drzymalski DM, Dong YF, Huang JY, Gao Y, Yan HY, Hu HJ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8745-8753

Published Date: 25 September 2025

Investigating the Mechanism of Jiawei Weijin Decoction in Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Network Pharmacology, Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation

Xu B, Yu Y, Zhang J, Jiang B, Yan L, Chen S, Hu L, Miao Q, Qi Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8711-8743

Published Date: 25 September 2025

Safety of Remimazolam in Vulnerable Populations

Ge JY, Deng BR, Cao XH, Liu XJ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8691-8709

Published Date: 25 September 2025

Development and Validation of an HPLC-MS/MS Method for Determining I-BET151 in Rat Plasma and Its application to Pharmacokinetic Studies

Wang S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8679-8689

Published Date: 25 September 2025

Molecular Mechanism of Salvia Miltiorrhiza in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology [Corrigendum]

Jiang YL, Xun Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8675-8677

Published Date: 23 September 2025

Oxysophocarpine Inhibits Apoptosis of Lung Epithelial Cells to Alleviate Acute Lung Injury via KIT/PI3K Signaling Pathway

Qiao Z, Long K, Ding K, Zhang X, Gao X, Han S, Zheng N, Yang Y, Li J, Su Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhi W, Liu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8657-8674

Published Date: 23 September 2025

6-Hydroxygenistein Ameliorates High Altitude Brain Injury via Activating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Based on Transcriptomic Analysis and Experimental Validation

Xin Y, Wang G, Yang C, Ma H, Jing L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8641-8656

Published Date: 23 September 2025

Integrative Metabolomics and Ionomics Identify Organ-Specific Responses Associated with Cisplatin Treatment in Mice

Sun R, Xiao Q, Long H, Dang R, Zhao S, Guo J, Chu X, Sun H, Zhang Y, Jiang P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8613-8639

Published Date: 22 September 2025

Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Intravenous versus Perineural Dexamethasone Injection Combined with Ropivacaine in Thoracoscopy-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Thoracoscopic Radical Lung Cancer Resection: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Wu KW, Deng SY, Zhang XF, Zheng DW, Hu LH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8601-8611

Published Date: 22 September 2025

Development of HPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Detection of Esketamine and Norketamine: Application to Pharmacokinetics Drug Interactions Affected by Dexmedetomidine

Zhou W, Guo Z, Zhang X, Wang W, Zheng Z, Qiu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8589-8600

Published Date: 22 September 2025

A Narrative Review of Phase II and III Clinical Trials for the Pharmacological Treatment of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges in Treatment Strategies

Alharthi MS

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8581-8588

Published Date: 22 September 2025

Formulation Strategies for Ezetimibe and Its Combinations: Advancing Biopharmaceutical and Therapeutic Potential

Priani SE, Chaerunisaa AY, Wilar G, Sopyan I

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8555-8580

Published Date: 20 September 2025

Lidocaine-Based vs Sufentanil-Based PCIA After Pulmonary Resection Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Tian B, Wu Y, Zhang W, Liu R, Qu S, Zhang Z, Yan W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8541-8553

Published Date: 19 September 2025

Application of Antimicrobial Peptides in Wound Dressings

Zhu A, Chen B, Ma J, Wang J, Tang R, Liu L, Sun W, Zheng X, Pan G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8523-8539

Published Date: 19 September 2025

Review

Targeting Cellular Senescence for Healthy Aging: Advances in Senolytics and Senomorphics

Alum EU, Izah SC, Uti DE, Ugwu OPC, Betiang PA, Basajja M, Ejemot-Nwadiaro RI

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8489-8522

Published Date: 19 September 2025

Population Pharmacokinetics and Covariate Analysis of Methotrexate in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Yu B, Wan Y, Mei K, Zhan D, Tang Q, Hu X, Ji W, Cai H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8475-8488

Published Date: 18 September 2025

Eribulin plus Pyrotinib in Trastuzumab-Resistant, HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: A Single-Arm, Multicenter Phase II Trial (EPIC Trial)

Li R, Wang M, Kong X, Ma J, Qi X, Song Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8463-8474

Published Date: 18 September 2025

Clinical Trial Report

Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine Enhances Postoperative Microcirculation and Reduces Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial

Shih PY, Wu TT, Chan KC, Hsu RB, Chang CT, Chou WH, Wu CY

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8451-8462

Published Date: 18 September 2025

The Optimal Doses of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Propofol in Patients in Hysteroscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Xu H, Peng T, Xie D, Dong B, An T, Wang F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8441-8450

Published Date: 16 September 2025

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Dose Optimization of Linezolid in Pediatric Patients With Renal Impairment

Lou JQ, Huo BN, Yang Y, Wang SF, Zhang LD, Jia YT, Song L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8427-8440

Published Date: 17 September 2025

Comparison of Ciprofol-Based and Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Postoperative Recovery Quality in Patients Undergoing Hysteroscopic Surgery: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial

Yang H, Yang Y, Huang Y, Liu T, Wang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8415-8426

Published Date: 16 September 2025

CYP2C8-Mediated Drug–Drug Interactions and the Factors Influencing the Interaction Magnitude

Zhu LL, Yu LY, Wang YH, Zhou Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8391-8413

Published Date: 16 September 2025

Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tacrolimus in Renal Transplant Recipients: Impact of CYP3A5 Genotype and Wuzhi Capsule Co-Medication

Xiang Q, Yang Y, Li G, Chen S, Yang Y, Liu L, Yu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8375-8389

Published Date: 16 September 2025

The Nrf Family and Its Cardioprotective Potential: Mechanisms, Functions, and Therapeutic Perspectives

Cui C, Song H, Guo Y, Shi J, Geng B, Wang G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8339-8373

Published Date: 15 September 2025

Labor Epidural Anesthesia and Postpartum Depression Risk: Prospective Observation Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Zheng W, Gan P, Wan X, Wang X, Gong J, Min J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8327-8338

Published Date: 15 September 2025

Ginkgolide B Alleviates LPS-Induced Inhibition of Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Suppressing the p-IκBα/NF-κB Pathway

Du S, Yang D, Liu Q, Yang P, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Chen S, Zhang J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8309-8326

Published Date: 15 September 2025

Nicorandil Use and Health Status Outcomes in Patients with Angina Pectoris: A Prospective, Multicenter, Cohort Study (GREAT)

Zhao X, Cheng G, Sun L, Liu Y, Du X, Xu S, Wu L, Wei Y, Liu W, Miao L, Zhang Q, Ma C, Zeng Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8295-8308

Published Date: 15 September 2025

Chinese Herbal Medicine in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Treatment: Mechanisms, Progress, and Future Directions

Wang X, Deng T, Zhu H, Peng J, Liang J, Zhong S, Yao C, Jin G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8265-8294

Published Date: 15 September 2025

Clinical Benefits and Challenges of Esketamine in Elderly Patients During the Perioperative Period

Zhang S, Bai C, Xu M, Li Y, Han Y, Jin Y, Zhao X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8251-8263

Published Date: 13 September 2025

LC-MS-Based Serum Metabolomic Analysis Predicts the Risk of Tigecycline-Induced Coagulopathy in Critically Ill Patients

Yang N, Zheng X, Ji X, Yao H, Xu K, Zhang T, Jin L, Zhu H, Wang M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8237-8250

Published Date: 13 September 2025

Elucidating the Pharmacological Basis of Xianling Cifang Granules Against Breast Cancer. A Metabolomic Profiling Study

Wang Y, Yang R, Shi Y, Liu S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8213-8236

Published Date: 13 September 2025

Panax notoginseng Saponins Improve Angiogenesis in Coronary Heart Disease Based on the microRNA 200a Methylation Pathway [Retraction]

Wang J, Dong Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Liu L, Yang G, Liu Y, Li J, Duan L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8211-8212

Published Date: 12 September 2025

Effect of Fospropofol Disodium on Perioperative Neurocognitive Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty

Zhu H, Wang Z, Ding S, Li C, Xie L, Meng Y, Xiao J, Zhang W, Xu M, Gao C, He K, Wang S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8195-8209

Published Date: 12 September 2025

Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Comprehensive Management of Tourette Syndrome: Insights from Genetics and Pathophysiology: A Review

Yu X, Zhu M, Tang Q, An S, Tan H, Wang X, Zhang J, Tian J, Li J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8181-8194

Published Date: 11 September 2025

From C481 Resistance Evasion to Platelet Preservation: Rilzabrutinib Redefines ITP Targeted Therapy

Liu L, Xiao Y, Jia Y, Shao Z, Shi J, Cui C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8161-8180

Published Date: 11 September 2025

Natural Products from Chinese Medicine Targeting NF-κB Signaling: Emerging Therapeutic Avenues for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Wang L, Feng L, Ning B, Wang Z, Dai C, Li M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8135-8159

Published Date: 10 September 2025

Exploration of Key Genes and Molecular Mechanisms in Mice with Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders Treated with Remimazolam Based on Transcriptomics and Experimental Verification

Yu S, Chen B, Zhang M, Hu R, Luo J, Li J, Hu W, Zou X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8115-8133

Published Date: 10 September 2025

Salidroside Improves Periodontitis by Mitigating Inflammatory Reactions and Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

Li W, Liu Q, Chen S, Zhi M, Yang P, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Zhang J, Feng Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8097-8114

Published Date: 10 September 2025

Intravenous Anesthesia with Ciprofol and Remimazolam Besylate for Painless Gastroscopy: A Prospective, Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial

Li L, Zhu Y, Zhu J, Zeng M, Duan Y, Cheng P, Zhou X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8083-8095

Published Date: 10 September 2025

Original Research

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Mycophenolate Sodium Enteric-Coated Tablets Under Fasting and Fed Conditions: A Single-Dose, Open-Label, Four-Period Replicated Crossover Study in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects

Zhang P, Li M, Jiang H, Liu F, Huang Q, Han Y, Fan L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8069-8081

Published Date: 10 September 2025

Drug-Drug Interactions and Initial Dosage Optimization of Quetiapine in Patients with Depression: A Real-World Study

Chen X, Zhang Y, Yin D, Jin YW, He SM, Zhang C, Wang DD

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8051-8067

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Effects of Prophylactic Infusion of Equivalent Doses of Norepinephrine and Phenylephrine in Preventing Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery on Fetal and Maternal Outcomes: A Dual-Center, Non-Inferiority Controlled Trial [Retraction]

Mao J, Lin K, Liu X, Liu J, Liang G, Sheng Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8049-8050

Published Date: 10 September 2025

Compatibility and Physico-Chemical Stability of Six Intravenous Mixtures for Postoperative Multimodal Analgesia

Lopez-Cabezas C, Baguena J, Marcé Briansó M, Gotor G, Ceamanos S, Cuñat T, Broto-Puig F, Soy D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8041-8048

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Role of Radioiodine in Cancer Therapy: A Review of the Design and Challenges in Selecting Radioligands from Natural Sources

Fakih TM, Novitasari D, Syaifudin M, Meiyanto E, Astirin OP, Mohd Gazzali A, Muchtaridi M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:8009-8039

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Pharmacokinetic and Safety Profiles of MIT-001, a Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitor, After Subcutaneous Administration in Healthy Participants

Lee S, Bae S, Yu KS, Lee S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7999-8008

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Shatai Heji Mitigates Sjögren Disease-Induced Xerostomia by Regulating AQP5, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathwaysaff

Liu F, Chen J, Gong C, Chen M, Yang G, Chen C, Yao R, Li S, Wang R, Yuan Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7979-7998

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Establishment and Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantitative Determination of Zanubrutinib and Posaconazole in Rat Plasma: Application in Drug–Drug Interaction Studies

Xia H, Shen Y, Xu X, Wu J, Lin G, Du X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7967-7977

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Acute Kidney Injury Associated with the Concomitant Use of Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam

Chen D, Kan J, Gu Q, Li YC, Liu Y, Kong M, Liu J, Zhang H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7947-7965

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Idebenone: Clinical Potential Beyond Neurological Diseases

Yi B, Zeng J, Li J, Liu K, Zhu X, Chen X, Gao Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7929-7946

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Health Technology Assessment: Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

Wang C, Wu H, Huang Y, Liu A, Lai S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7909-7927

Published Date: 8 September 2025

Allicin Aplealleviates Gouty Arthritis by Regulating the Gut-Joint Axis, Reducing XOD Activity, Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, and Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

Wu H, Pang MM, Li YL, Hong JH, Liu PM, Bian M, Yang JJ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7887-7907

Published Date: 8 September 2025

Yangweishu Ameliorates Chronic Atrophic Gastritis with Stomach Yin Deficiency Syndrome Through IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway

Jiao Z, Zheng J, Yang X, Ruan Q, Ma Y, Huang Y, Jin C, Gui S, Xuan Z, Liang J, Jia X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7865-7885

Published Date: 8 September 2025

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Enteric-Coated Aspirin Capsule and Tablet Formulations in Healthy Subjects

Koh J, Khwarg J, Yu KS, Lee S, Jang IJ, Lee S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7853-7863

Published Date: 9 September 2025

Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy Based on B Cells

Liang Y, Zha M, Liu Q, Lai Z, Li L, Shao Y, Sun J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7837-7852

Published Date: 6 September 2025

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Metformin and Ojeok-san in Healthy Volunteers

Lee S, Chae S, Kwon M, Shim WS, Lee KT, Yim SV, Kim BH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7825-7836

Published Date: 6 September 2025

High Stability and Low Irritation of Enrofloxacin–Colistin Combination Injection Through a Tripartite Strategy

Jia L, Zhou K, Zhang X, Gao X, Kang J, Shen J, Zhu K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7809-7823

Published Date: 6 September 2025

Cytoskeleton Rearrangement Decreases Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Contributing to Renal Fibrogenesis

Wang G, Li Y, Wan X, Wang Y, Niu H, Tan E, Niu S, Feng X, Hou Y, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7795-7808

Published Date: 4 September 2025

Astaxanthin Promotes Spermatogenesis in Mice by Reducing Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Damage and Regulating Fatty Acid Metabolism and Ferroptosis

Liu H, Chen X, Feng X, Zhu Z, Liao Z, Zhu S, Pang T, Ren X, Yang R

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7777-7794

Published Date: 4 September 2025

Elevating Labor Analgesia: The Impact of Low-Dose Intrathecal Ropivacaine-Sufentanil in Combined Spinal-Epidural Analgesia: A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Trial

Ji T, Xie L, Zhao T, Chen Z, Sun X, Zhang Y, Xu C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7763-7775

Published Date: 5 September 2025

Paeoniflorin Combined with Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Parkinson’s Disease: Dual Mechanism of Cell Therapy and Inflammation Regulation

Peng S, Wang L, Ouyang J, Liu R

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7745-7761

Published Date: 4 September 2025

Determination of the 90% Effective Dose of Remimazolam Continuous Infusion for Preventing Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenoidectomy or Adenotonsillectomy with Sevoflurane: A Biased Coin Up-and-Down Sequential Trial Design

Yang ZS, Li D, Jiang Y, Xiao F, Yan HY

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7735-7744

Published Date: 4 September 2025

Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Leaf Extract

Doğan S, Meşe A, Baran MF, Baran A, Aktepe N, Ahmadian E, Mohamed AJ, Eftekhari A, Aktaş H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7719-7734

Published Date: 3 September 2025

Generic Intravenous Amisulpride (QLG2069) for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adults: A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Zhang H, Wang S, Yang M, Huang Y, Wang K, Jiang K, Luo F, Hu X, Hong Y, Huang F, Jin S, Qi F, Wang S, Zhang X, Luo H, Guo L, Zhang L, Li J, Chen Y, Qin Z, Chen C, Yang J, Jiang W, Fu N, Ju Y, Li Y, Wang J, Ouyang W, Feng Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7707-7718

Published Date: 3 September 2025

Traditional Chinese Medicine Natural Products Targeting Shared Mechanisms of T2DM and AD: Potential Therapeutic Insights

Song B, Yue D, Yan H, Feng L, Li M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7681-7705

Published Date: 4 September 2025

Natural Products From Traditional Chinese Medicine: Potential Therapeutic Agents in Cancer Therapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Jin R, You Q, Li C, Zhao N, Jia C, Koo C, Zhang W, Liu B, Huang K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7653-7680

Published Date: 3 September 2025

Effect of Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Cohort Study

Du W, Qiao X, Yao J, Wang Z, Shi Y, Jia H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7637-7651

Published Date: 3 September 2025

Comparison of EEG Burst Suppression and Hemodynamic Effects Between Remimazolam Tosilate and Etomidate During General Anesthesia Induction: A Retrospective Analysis

Cao Y, Gan M, Wan L, Lu J, Liu T, Liu M, Wang D, Hong S, Zhou L, Deng L, Wang Z, Wang J, Sun C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhou M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7623-7636

Published Date: 3 September 2025

Anti-Inflammatory Modified Fuzi Decoction Antagonizes Synovial TNF-α/TRAF2/NF-κB Signaling to Remedy Osteoarthritis

Wang Y, Ren J, Chen H, Chen X, Yan B, Xu W, Xiao X, Yuan Q, Shan L, Zhou L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7603-7621

Published Date: 2 September 2025

The Analgesic Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Adductor Canal Block Following Knee Arthroplasty: A Single-Center, Prospective, Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial

Xu M, Wang S, Meng Y, Gao C, Liu L, Yuan J, Ding S, Chai X, He K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7591-7601

Published Date: 2 September 2025

Effect of Epidural Catheter Design on Analgesic Efficacy During Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial

Yu Y, Zhao Q, Zang Y, Liu Z, Du W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7581-7590

Published Date: 2 September 2025

Norepinephrine or Phenylephrine to Prevent Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension During Cesarean Section: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Study of Fetal Cerebral Perfusion

Liu J, Sheng Z, Guo F, Lin X, Xu L, Sun L, Qian X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7571-7580

Published Date: 2 September 2025

Ciprofol Alleviates Depressive-Like Behaviors in CUMS Mice Through PPARα-Associated ERK/CREB Signaling Activation

Li J, Chen M, Lin Y, Wu Q, Shen J, Wen Y, Li S, Zhang J, Sun J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7553-7569

Published Date: 30 August 2025

Effect of Ciprofol on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Lu J, Shi Y, Lan X, Tang G, Shao Y, Chen C, Xiong X, Chen D, Shi J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7541-7552

Published Date: 29 August 2025

Effectiveness and Safety of Anlotinib-Related Therapeutic Regimens in Patients with Previously Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Treated Advanced NSCLC: A Real-World Exploratory Study

Fang XS, Zhang TS, Li SJ, Zhao YL, Li JB, Xia H, Wang RT

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7527-7540

Published Date: 29 August 2025

Mechanisms of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex Volatile Oil in Alleviating 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Mucositis via Multi-Omics Approaches

Zhang JN, Li KD, Cao ZJ, Xu LY, Zhao XL, Tang F, Peng F, Peng C, Ao H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7503-7525

Published Date: 29 August 2025

Review

Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Bassey GE, Daniel EA, Okesina KB, Odetayo AF

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7493-7502

Published Date: 29 August 2025

Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Preventing Atrial Fibrillation After Esophagectomy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Liu T, Zhang J, Liang J, Luo R, Zhang Z, Li J, Ai Z, Xiong J, Sayer S, Shen Q, Yu X, Chen G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7481-7492

Published Date: 29 August 2025

Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Quality of Recovery and Electroencephalogram in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Zhang H, Gao Y, Liu D, Lyu W, Xing X, He Z, Wang L, Zhang L, Chen L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7467-7479

Published Date: 29 August 2025

Low-Dose Alfentanil Effectively Reduces the ED50 of Remimazolam for Loss of Consciousness in Pediatric Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Study Using Up-and-Down Sequential Allocation Method

Shi X, Yi F, Xiao H, Yu S, Sun X, Wei Y, Yue F, Ji F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7459-7466

Published Date: 29 August 2025

Mechanisms of Remifentanil-Induced Postoperative Hyperalgesia: A Comprehensive Review

Zhu K, Wen X, Mei X, Fang F, Zhang T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7445-7457

Published Date: 27 August 2025

Discordance in Drug–Drug Interaction Alerts for Antidotes: Comparative Analysis of Electronic Databases and Interpretive Insights from AI Tools

Yaowaluk T, Tangpanithandee S, Techapichetvanich P, Khemawoot P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7427-7443

Published Date: 27 August 2025

Adverse Effects of Alfentanil versus Nalbuphine in Decompensated Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Painless Gastroscopy: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Gu XY, Cao JF, Zhang XY, Cheng Y, Jiang LQ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7415-7426

Published Date: 27 August 2025

Determination the ED90s of Different Concentrations of Initial Ropivacaine Volume for Labor Analgesia with Dural Puncture Epidural: A Randomized Sequential Allocation Study

Sun M, Chen Y, Sun L, Deng Y, Xu X, Zhang L, Xiong X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7405-7413

Published Date: 27 August 2025

Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Analysis of ASC10, a Novel Antiviral Agent Targeted COVID-19, in Chinese Healthy Subjects

Lv D, Li S, Li Y, Lin M, Zhai Y, Wu M, Qiu Y, Zhao Q, Liu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7393-7404

Published Date: 26 August 2025

Molecular Pharmacological Interventions for Endometrial Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Qin W, Qi Y, Li Q, Wang B, Wang J, Ge X, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7381-7392

Published Date: 27 August 2025

Review

Therapeutic Opportunities of Marfan Syndrome: Current Perspectives

Feng X, Qu C, Jia P, Zhang DD

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7365-7379

Published Date: 26 August 2025

Review

Androgenetic Alopecia: An Update on Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Treatment

Chen S, Li L, Ding W, Zhu Y, Zhou N

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7349-7363

Published Date: 25 August 2025

In vivo Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Palbociclib and Rivaroxaban or Apixaban: Implications for Increased Drug Exposure and Dose Adjustments

Du W, Liu Z, Li Y, Wang Z, Dong Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7333-7347

Published Date: 25 August 2025

Effect of Gene Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes of Rivaroxaban: State-of-the-Art Review

Wang L, Chen G, Hu W, Chen J, He Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7321-7331

Published Date: 25 August 2025

Review

Therapeutic Targeting of PPARγ in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Efficacy, Safety, and Drug Development

Zhou Z, Jin R, Gu Y, Ji Y, Lou Y, Wu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7293-7319

Published Date: 22 August 2025

Effects of Different Body Mass Indexes on the Induction Dose of Remimazolam in Patients Undergoing Gynaecological Day Surgery: A Propensity Score-Matched Study

Xiao H, Gu X, Shi X, Yu S, Ji R, Ji F, Nie P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7285-7292

Published Date: 22 August 2025

Effect of Two-Stage Goal-Directed Crystalloid versus Colloid Fluid Therapy on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Hepatectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhu X, Zhu Y, Wang L, Shen L, Xiong X, Lu X, Zhang N, Ye C, Qi D, Hu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7269-7283

Published Date: 22 August 2025

Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine (1.0 mg/Kg) on Propofol ED50 and ED95 for Successful Double-Lumen Laryngeal Mask Airway Placement in Hysteroscopy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhang J, Li J, Ni J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7259-7268

Published Date: 20 August 2025

Comparison of Rocuronium and Cisatracurium in Ophthalmic Surgeries in Association with the Incidence of Intraoperative Bradycardia- A Retrospective Study

Wu SC, Chin JC, Hung KC, Hsu CY, Tsai YF, Illias AM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7247-7257

Published Date: 20 August 2025

Design, Synthesis and Anti-Inflammation Evaluation of N-Acyl Tryptophan Derivatives as Promising P2Y14R Antagonists Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Han B, Ma S, Liu W, Wang Y, Wang M, Li Y, Song C, Yao Y, Sun M, Duan Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7215-7245

Published Date: 20 August 2025

Optimal Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Interval for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Lobectomy: A Biased-Coin Up-Down Study of Ropivacaine-Sufentanil

Feng C, Wen J, Lai G, Lu X, Luo G, Lu Y, Li W, Lai R

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7207-7214

Published Date: 20 August 2025

Irisin’s Dual Role in Malignant Tumors and Its Potential as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target

Mo L, Zeng X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Bai Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7185-7205

Published Date: 20 August 2025

Identification and Validation of Antidepressant Small Molecules Using Bioinformatics and Mouse Depression Models

Qiao Y, Zhang X, Chen H, Liang X, Guo J, Wang Q, Ding Y, Wei L, Bi H, Gao T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7161-7183

Published Date: 20 August 2025

Comparison of Ciprofol Versus Propofol for the General Anaesthesia During Gynecological Day Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Trial

Zhang S, Dong G, Shi X, Xiao H, Nie P, Ji F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7151-7159

Published Date: 19 August 2025

Herb-Drug Interaction Between Sailuotong and Pitavastatin: A Systematic Pharmacokinetic Investigation and Mechanism Analysis

Zhang Y, Yi H, Yang H, Song Y, Ren C, Li X, Zhang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7135-7149

Published Date: 20 August 2025

Effects of Glycopyrronium Bromide as an Adjuvant Treatment in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting After Abdominal, Thyroid, and Breast Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Chen J, Piao G, Luan G, Yu Y, Zheng W, Li Y, Zhang C, Duan Y, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Xiang W, Cheng L, Ji C, Duan G, Huang H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7123-7134

Published Date: 19 August 2025

Bioequivalence Study of Palbociclib Tablets in Healthy Volunteers

Hu Y, Zhao N, Song H, Zhang J, Bi L, Qiu B, Xu Y, Jia C, Bai W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7111-7121

Published Date: 18 August 2025

Synergistic Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Proteasome Inhibitors in Multiple Myeloma Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Dai Y, Zhou Y, Chen H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7099-7109

Published Date: 18 August 2025

Effects of Different Application Routes of Ozone on Testicular Tissue in Rats with Spinal Cord Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Küçük A, Köksal Z, Yeşil S, Şengel N, Sezen ŞC, Güneş I, Atlı M, Kip G, Acar SG, Özer A, Kavutçu M, Arslan M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7089-7098

Published Date: 18 August 2025

Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers and Their Derivatives as a Promising Therapeutic Tool for Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activation of Mitophagy

Zhu J, Yin S, Luo S, Yu F, Sun K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7069-7087

Published Date: 19 August 2025

Influencing Factors of Treatment Response to Rituximab in Refractory Membranous Nephropathy

Ma L, Yang L, Zheng J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7059-7067

Published Date: 18 August 2025

Original Research

Benchmarking the Structure-Based Virtual Screening Performance of Wild-Type and Resistant PfDHFR Using Docking and Machine Learning Re-Scoring

Hany MS, Ahmed NS, Boeckler FM, Ibrahim TM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7045-7058

Published Date: 15 August 2025

The Effects of Low-Dose Esketamine Combined with Paravertebral Block on Postoperative Hyperalgesia and Enhanced Recovery in Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhang R, Luo Z, Zhang H, Wang Q, Luo C, He J, Wang T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7033-7043

Published Date: 15 August 2025

Butein Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Leptin-Deficient Mice by Modulating the PDE4/cAMP/p-CREB Pathway

Guo C, Zhang Y, Xue H, Zhao X, Wang B, Deng L, Zhu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7015-7031

Published Date: 14 August 2025

Impact of Remimazolam on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients Admitted to the ICU: A Retrospective Propensity Score Matched Study

Zhu Z, Yang G, Chu Q, Cheng M, Li Z, Zang L, He L, Chen L, He Q, Yang J, Sun Z, Wang H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:7005-7014

Published Date: 13 August 2025

Xian Huang Fang Inhibits the PKCδ/MAPK Signaling Pathway to Attenuate Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Senescence and Thereby Delay Renal Interstitial Fibrosis

Wang Y, Shao M, Li T, Du X, Chen K, Xu L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6991-7004

Published Date: 13 August 2025

Analysis of Blood Components and Target Prediction for the Combined Use of Dendrobium officinale Compound and Western Medicine in Antihypertensive Therapy Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Wu R, Wang J, Zhou H, Xue X, Tong C, Zhao L, Wu Y, Mei X, Guo Z, Xi C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6965-6989

Published Date: 12 August 2025

Thoracic Paravertebral Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Plain Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Lung Resection: A Randomized Controlled Study

Yang Z, Liu M, Wang C, Song Y, Wu J, Wu D, Yao M, Yang Y, Miao C, Liang C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6955-6964

Published Date: 12 August 2025

Intranasal Esketamine Premedication Reduces Sevoflurane Requirements During Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Xu C, Zheng G, Zhuo Y, Huang L, Gao W, Wei Y, Liao Y, Qian B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6943-6953

Published Date: 12 August 2025

Danggui Buxue Decoction Alleviates Acute Hypoxia-Induced Sleep Disorders: Insights from in vivo and in silico Analyses

Zhou S, Chen D, Wang S, Jiang X, Li J, He J, Xiu M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6925-6942

Published Date: 12 August 2025

Review

Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Pain and Its Clinical Application Prospects

Wang Y, Duan X, Li Z, Pan Y, Deng J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6897-6923

Published Date: 13 August 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Guben Kechuan Granules in the Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis: A Multi-Center and Randomized Controlled Trial

Li D, Shang X, Hong E, Zhu H, Li C, Zhang Y, Du C, Liang Y, Zhang S, Sang H, Yang D, Zhang H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6885-6896

Published Date: 12 August 2025

Model Prediction of Infection Risk After Glucocorticoid Treatment for Severe Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Globulin is a Core Predictive Factor

Ling J, Xv Y, Lv S, Hao X, Chen W, Li D, Liu W, Zou Z, Zhu B, You S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6871-6883

Published Date: 11 August 2025

Determining the Preventive Effect of Topical Magnesium Sulfate Administration on Postoperative Sore Throat [Letter]

Guan YF, Huang ZB, Xue FS

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6869-6870

Published Date: 7 August 2025

Wedelolactone Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Oxidative Damage and Ferroptosis via HIF-1α/SLC7A11/GPX4 Signaling

Tao X, Zhao M, Gao K, Zhang W, Xu D, Li W, Mu F, Lin R, Guo C, Li R, Wang J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6849-6868

Published Date: 8 August 2025

Bibliometric Analysis of Exosome Research in Spinal Cord Injury (2000–May 2024). Trends, Collaborations, and Emerging Insights

Wang Z, Bi H, Li D, Zhang W, Wang C, Yang J, Shen X, Yan R, He F, Duan H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6829-6848

Published Date: 8 August 2025

Phase I Trial of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Combined with Ifosfamide for Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Ye T, Fan L, Cao R, Peng L, Chen J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6817-6827

Published Date: 7 August 2025

Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Melanoma Immunotherapy

Zhang G, Zhang X, Dong Q, Kong S, Chen L, Zhang X, Gao J, Zhang J, Ding B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6789-6816

Published Date: 7 August 2025

Effects of Remimazolam-Propofol with Flumazenil Reversal on the Emergence Time and Hemodynamics of Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Partial Hepatectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Feng Y, Jia JM, Cheng YX, Lin J, Zhang XY, Wang YZ, Zuo YB

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6777-6787

Published Date: 5 August 2025

Synergistic Potential of Trikatu Essential Oil as an Aromatherapy Agent: A Chemical and Mechanistic Review

Pramitha DAI, Herlina T, Maksum IP, Hardianto A, Latip J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6751-6776

Published Date: 5 August 2025

Therapeutic Implications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Clinically Relevant Diseases: Perspectives From microRNA-Modulated Apoptotic Signaling

Xu Q, Wu D, Tan J, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Huang C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6719-6749

Published Date: 6 August 2025

Ursolic Acid Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3-Driven Ferroptosis: Mechanistic Insights from Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Zhou Y, Lou C, Xu X, Feng B, Fan X, Wang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6699-6717

Published Date: 4 August 2025

Comparison of Oliceridine and Morphine in Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Total Hysterectomy, a Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Duan J, Wang X, Hou C, Yu T, Ju X, Wang S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6687-6697

Published Date: 4 August 2025

Kuoxin Decoction Alleviated Left Ventricular Remodeling by Inhibiting Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Through ASK1/JNK/Cx43 Signaling Pathway in cTnTR141W Transgenic Mice and in vitro

Ma M, Fan H, Dong Y, Feng T, Peng L, Zhou M, Liu F, Lee R, Wu R, Wu Q, Wang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6665-6686

Published Date: 4 August 2025

Cinobufagin Inhibits Invasion and Migration of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Regulating Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming in Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Sun Y, Yang H, Mei X, Xia J, Feng L, Gao J, Jiang W, Jiang M, Hao X, Feng Y, Lian Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6647-6664

Published Date: 2 August 2025

Effect of Perioperative Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Postoperative Recovery Quality in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Zhang Y, Li S, Wu C, Song L, Hu L, Lu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6637-6646

Published Date: 1 August 2025

Mucoadhesive Mini-Containers with Unidirectional Drug Release Capacity for Macromolecular Therapeutics

Han CS, Choi YR, Jung WY, Kang JH, Kim DW, Park CW

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6619-6635

Published Date: 1 August 2025

Comparative Analysis of Pioglitazone and Tirzepatide on Body Weight, Glucose Levels, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats

Alhowail A, Aldawsari MF, Aldubayan M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6605-6618

Published Date: 31 July 2025

Liu Wei Di Huang Decoction Alleviates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Endothelial Mesenchymal Transitions via Upregulating Sirt1 Expression and Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Wang H, Chen SS, Zhang YX, Gao HB, Meng B, Wu WY, Tang Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6587-6603

Published Date: 30 July 2025

17(R)-RvD1 Ameliorates Liver Injury in Hyperuricemia Through Inhibiting Pyroptosis via NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Zhao L, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Jia L, Luo S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6573-6585

Published Date: 30 July 2025

Leonurine Attenuates CCl4-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice via the Hippo-YAP Pathway

Wang P, Bai J, Ye M, Huang Z, Chen J, Sun L, Zhong X, Zheng Y, Ma T, Fu W, Du Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6553-6571

Published Date: 30 July 2025

Compare the Effects of 0 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg Esketamine on Emergence Agitation After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in Children: A Randomized Control Trial

Jiang P, Liu W, Peng Q, Feng Y, Wang D, Luo K, Huang S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6543-6552

Published Date: 30 July 2025

Macrophage Polarization in Myocardial Ischemia‒Reperfusion Injury: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets

Liu G, Dai Y, Fu C, Lv X, Qin J, Xie J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6519-6541

Published Date: 31 July 2025

Analysis of Cardiotoxicity and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs: A Five-Year Single-Centre Retrospective Study in Early Breast Cancer

Ju F, Gu H, Yu L, Zhao G, Liu Y, Yin D, Niu J, Xue T, Yin C, Jiao L, Li C, Wu J, Ji Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6505-6517

Published Date: 30 July 2025

Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Pulmonary Hypertension by Inhibiting cGAS/STING Mediated Cell Senescence

Ding R, Xie H, Zhang Y, Qin L, Peng G, Yi J, Tan J, Cao X, Zheng R, Dai A

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6487-6504

Published Date: 29 July 2025

DHLCA Alleviates Diabetic Kidney Disease via TGR5/FXR Activation and Gut Microbiota Remodeling

Zhou H, Mu X, Hu H, Zhao S, Hu N, Yang M, Jiang J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6469-6485

Published Date: 29 July 2025

Comparison of Hemodynamic Status with Three Different Doses of Lidocaine as an Adjunct to Propofol-Remifentanil During Endotracheal Intubation in Elderly Female Patients: A Prospective Randomized Study

Xiao F, Xu LQ, Yan HY, Zhou S, Fan JM, Liu L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6461-6468

Published Date: 29 July 2025

Histone Lactylation in Diseases: Regulation by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Therapeutic Implications

Qiu Y, Shao X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6435-6459

Published Date: 29 July 2025

Effect of Remimazolam versus Propofol on Hemodynamics in Elderly Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Gastroenteroscopy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Gu Q, Zeng D, Lin D, Zou J, Sun J, Wang H, Chen S, Zhang H, Xu B, Liu W, Shu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6423-6434

Published Date: 28 July 2025

Efficacy and Long-Term Outcomes of Tacrolimus versus Cyclophosphamide and Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Management of Pediatric IgA Vasculitis Nephritis: A Cohort Study in Single-Center

Han Y, Yang F, Zhou L, Yang J, Yang Y, Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhang Y, Zhou J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6413-6422

Published Date: 29 July 2025

Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer by Perillaldehyde Through Targeting SRD5A1 to Induce Autophagy via the PI3K/AKT Pathway

Leng Z, Zhang Y, Guo M, Chen Y, Wang Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6399-6412

Published Date: 28 July 2025

Determination of the Median Effective Dose (ED50) of Ciprofol for Successful Sedation in Pediatric Patients During General Anesthesia Induction

Nie P, Wu D, Du C, Wang X, Zhang H, Xiao H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6391-6397

Published Date: 28 July 2025

Determining the 90% Effective Dose of Remimazolam to Prevent Physical Movement in Surgical Abortions: A Biased-Coin Up-and-Down Sequential Allocation Trial

Fang F, Li H, Li L, Yan B, Yin P, Hu B, Zhu S, Kang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6379-6389

Published Date: 29 July 2025

A Comparative Study of Sugammadex and Neostigmine: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Past 15 Years

Yin D, Tang B, Hu X, Hu H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6357-6377

Published Date: 29 July 2025

Effect of Norepinephrine and Phenylephrine on Tissue Oxygenation During Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cheng J, Kang F, Han M, Song Y, Chang L, Huang X, Zhang Y, Li J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6347-6356

Published Date: 25 July 2025

Immunomodulatory Activities of Thai Herbs and the Druggability of Their Bioactive Constituents: A Comprehensive Review for Potential Phytopharmaceutical Product Development

Boonyarattanasoonthorn T, Raksapatcharawong A, Junsaeng D, Suknuntha K, Puttanawarut C, Khemawoot P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6319-6346

Published Date: 25 July 2025

Sevoflurane Alleviates Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis via Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 7/Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Modulation

Xu J, Wang Z, Wei H, Wang L, Hong Y, Xu W, Ding M, Song Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6301-6317

Published Date: 23 July 2025

Analysis of the Network Pharmacology Mechanism and Clinical Efficacy of Qingre Jiedu Decoction (QJD) in the Treatment of Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) in Children

Ma L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Han Y, Qin D, Yan H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6283-6300

Published Date: 23 July 2025

Integrative Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanism of Gui-Qi-Yi-Shen Granules in the Treatment of IgA Nephropathy

Cao JW, Tang YW, Jiang MY, Lu MD, Yang RC, Yu DR, Wan F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6269-6282

Published Date: 22 July 2025

Optimizing Lidocaine Dosing in Hepatectomy Patients: A Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Active Metabolites

He C, Qi X, Liu Y, Jin Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Fu L, Zheng L, Tu F, Wang Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6255-6268

Published Date: 22 July 2025

Effects of Hypoglycemic Agents on The Musculoskeletal System: A Comprehensive Review

Zhao J, Lv SS, Lu Q, Cong XX, Zhang XF

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6235-6253

Published Date: 22 July 2025

Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Alleviates Alectinib-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Damage-Mediated Pyroptosis

Chen Y, Wang C, Wu Y, Zeng Y, Xie S, Weng J, Guo L, Fu J, Zhou T, Zhang X, Zhou Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6219-6233

Published Date: 22 July 2025

Effect of Ciprofol on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chen Z, Liu YY, Hu Q, Wang JS, Cao RY, Yu ST, Lu F, Zhong ML, Liang WD, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6207-6218

Published Date: 19 July 2025

Mechanistic Insights into Shenzhuo Formula for Diabetic Retinopathy: Integrating UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, Network Pharmacology, Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data, and Experimental Validation

Zang X, Zhang L, Ma J, Wang A, Ding L, Wang Y, Sun J, Li J, Hang X, Li X, Zhao L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6183-6205

Published Date: 18 July 2025

Molecular Assessment of Traditional Mongolian Medicine Tonglaga-5 in Lactulose Induced Diarrhea: An in vivo Study

Ma C, Buren Q, Eerde M, Qing M, Bao X, Zhao L, Cao L, Zhang X, Bai Q, Chen M, Hong M, Bao Y, Lian H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6145-6181

Published Date: 18 July 2025

Harnessing Organoid Platforms for Nanoparticle Drug Development

Chen L, Luo X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Yang C, Zhao Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6125-6143

Published Date: 18 July 2025

Pharmacological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Liu L, Wei W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6111-6123

Published Date: 17 July 2025

Characteristics and Efficacy of Warfarin Sodium Tablet Subdivided by 3D Printing Technology: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients After Prosthetic Valve Replacement

Lv J, Fu K, Xiong L, Chen B, Zhan L, Liu J, Lin Z, Yang F, Chen J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6089-6109

Published Date: 16 July 2025

Astragaloside IV Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via Activating PI3K/AKT/eNOS/NO Signaling Pathway: In vitro and in vivo Study

Song Y, Hu J, Yang P, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Chen S, Zhang J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6073-6088

Published Date: 16 July 2025

High-Fat Meal Increase Blonanserin Bioavailability 5-Fold in Chinese Healthy Subjects

Sun X, Song H, Zhao N, Qiu B, Ding C, Wu H, Bai W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6061-6072

Published Date: 15 July 2025

Decoding Drug Interactions: Character and Degree of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Telmisartan and Sorafenib or Donafenib in Rats

Li Y, Du W, Shan C, Yu Z, An J, Dong Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6047-6060

Published Date: 15 July 2025

Comparison of Remimazolam versus Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamics in Older Patients Under Lower Extremity Orthopedic Surgery with Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Wang D, Liu Z, Zhang W, Li S, Chen Y, Jiang C, Su N, Liu T, Li X, Bi C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6037-6046

Published Date: 14 July 2025

Pharmacokinetics and Safety with Bioequivalence of Isosorbide Mononitrate Sustained-Release Tablets in Chinese Healthy Volunteers: Bioequivalence Study

Wu B, Wang W, Zhang Q, Yu G, Lin J, Zhang T, Ye L, Wang K, Zhang W, Wu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6025-6035

Published Date: 14 July 2025

The Adjunctive Effect of Quercetin on Postoperative Pain Management Following Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Study

Mohamed Elmokadem E, Khaled Abou El Fadl D, Bassiouny AM, Mahmoud MMAE, Samy M, El Said NO

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:6009-6024

Published Date: 14 July 2025

Regulatory Effects of Zhenxin Formula in Treating Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure: Network Pharmacology and Animal Experimental Verification

Wu Q, Wang H, Wang YH, Du J, Li B, Gan XN, Liu CY, Liang J, Liu C, Cao M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5993-6008

Published Date: 12 July 2025

Mechanisms of Microctis Folium in Hyperlipidemia: Integrating Serum Pharmacochemistry, Network Pharmacology, and Transcriptomics

Xiao G, Wu G, Liu Y, Chen W, Zeng Z, Li S, Li Y, Bi X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5973-5991

Published Date: 11 July 2025

Obinutuzumab is Effective as an Initial Treatment for PLA2R-Associated Primary Membranous Nephropathy: A Retrospective, Single-Center Trial

Li XQ, Liu Y, Cai ZY, Lv TG, Hao J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5961-5972

Published Date: 11 July 2025

Modified Huanjingjian Prevents Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia by Inhibiting Genomic DNA Methylation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Mice

Liu X, Du T, Xi R, Cheng L, Wang Y, Lu H, Guo D, Zhu J, Liu T, Li F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5941-5959

Published Date: 11 July 2025

Evaluating the Opioid-Related Adverse Events of Oliceridine Versus Conventional Opioids in Patient-Controlled Analgesia After Thoracoscopic Lung Resection: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Huang C, Liu B, Xie S, Zhang Y, Liu K, Qiu Y, Wu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5929-5939

Published Date: 10 July 2025

Artesunate Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Lactate/AMPK/mTOR-Regulated Autophagy Based on Multi-Omics

Chen H, Du P, Guo R, Li X, Zhang L, Duan J, Chen M, Guo J, Li Y, Jiang T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5911-5928

Published Date: 10 July 2025

Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane for Blunting Sympathetic Response to Pneumoperitoneum: A Randomized Trial

Yuan Y, Zheng G, Guan J, Zhou C, Gao W, Li J, Dai D, Yao Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5899-5909

Published Date: 9 July 2025

Cornus officinalis Protects Against Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Through Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Apoptosis via Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Wang Y, Fan Y, Li M, Song Z, Wang P, Xie F, Miao Y, Wang Y, Zhang P, Zhan Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5871-5898

Published Date: 9 July 2025

Vitamin D Alleviates Osteoarthritis Progression by Targeting Cartilage and Subchondral Bone via Myd88-TAK1-ERK Axis Suppression

Gao X, Min Y, Lin R, Liang D, Zhang M, Xiao Q, Lu Y, Zhang F, Xu B, Liu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5855-5870

Published Date: 8 July 2025

cGAS-STING Targeting Offers Novel Therapeutic Opportunities in Liver Diseases

Wang Y, Yang R, Cao Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Fleishman JS, Chen J, Ding M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5835-5853

Published Date: 9 July 2025

Original Research

Development and Validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Ciprofol Detection in Plasma: Application in Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies

Zhu J, Cao Y, Zhang X, Xu B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5821-5833

Published Date: 8 July 2025

A Bibliometric Study of Interleukin Cytokines in the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Wang H, Li X, Wang S, Liu J, Xie N

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5801-5819

Published Date: 7 July 2025

Development and Characterization of a Cationic Polyurethane Carrier for Enhanced Topical DNA Delivery

Borcan F, Len A, Vlase T, Vlase G, Dudas ZI, Popescu R, Albulescu RC, Dehelean CA, Szuhanek CA

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5781-5799

Published Date: 8 July 2025

Mechanism of SiMiaoWan in the Treatment of Hyperuricemia Based on Serum Metabolomics

Guo M, Sun B, Ding X, Su J, Wang X, Qiu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5761-5779

Published Date: 7 July 2025

Anthraquinones from Rheum officinale Ameliorate Renal Fibrosis in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Feng HY, Wang YQ, Yang J, Miao H, Zhao YY, Li X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5739-5760

Published Date: 6 July 2025

The Toxicity of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Combined with the Alkylating Agent MNU on Mice: Focusing on Mortality and Activity Impairment

Yan W, He Q, Xiao L, Xia Y, Zheng X, Zhang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5727-5737

Published Date: 5 July 2025

Significant Predictors of Azithromycin in Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis: A Systematic Review

Zhang R, Fang Y, Wang Y, Fan J, Yin W, Fan W, Yu Y, Lin B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5709-5725

Published Date: 4 July 2025

Review

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Innovations in Oncology Drug Discovery: Transforming Traditional Pipelines and Enhancing Drug Design

Albani FG, Alghamdi SS, Almutairi MM, Alqahtani T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5685-5707

Published Date: 3 July 2025

Ternary Solid Dispersions as an Alternative Approach to Enhance Pharmacological Activity

Amaliah S, Aulifa DL, Gazzali AM, Budiman A

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5663-5684

Published Date: 3 July 2025

Alfentanil Enhanced the Sedation of Remimazolam During Anaesthesia Induction in Patients Undergoing Urological Day Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Lin Y, Chen Q, Liao Y, Xu B, Zhang C, Luo J, Liu S, Wu X, Guan X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5653-5662

Published Date: 3 July 2025

Original Research

Semaglutide Therapy and Accelerated Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Month Retrospective Cohort Study

Ren Q, Zhi L, Liu H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5645-5652

Published Date: 3 July 2025

Trends in Antihypertensive Drug Use and Irrational Prescriptions Among Elderly Patients in China (2016–2023): A Nationwide Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Hong D, Chen W, Du S, Ren J, Lv D, Shan W, Lu X, Zhao Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5633-5644

Published Date: 2 July 2025

Review

“An Effective Solution to Accelerate the Healing of Complex Ulcers Using Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (Intralesional Application): A Review”

Cacua Sánchez MT, Carillo Bravo CA

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5615-5631

Published Date: 1 July 2025

Review

Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Mechanisms and Clinical Insights

Liu Y, Wei M, Deng Y, Fan Y, Zheng Y, Ni Z, Lin J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5597-5614

Published Date: 1 July 2025

Mechanistic Insights into Flavonoid Subclasses as Cardioprotective Agents Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review

Shang W, Li XH, Zeng LH, Li Z, Hu Y, Wen HM, Cao FJ, Wan GX

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5553-5596

Published Date: 1 July 2025

Clinical Trial Report

A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Nifuroxazide in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

AlRasheed HA, Abdallah MS, El-Khateeb E, Kamal M, Alrubia S, Alsegiani AS, Ahmed TI, Bahaa MM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5539-5552

Published Date: 30 June 2025

Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives in Cancer

Feng J, He Y, Bai T, You Q, Zhu H, Jia C, Liu B, Li S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5517-5538

Published Date: 30 June 2025

Dose-Dependent Effects of Remimazolam on Early Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Elderly Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery

Liu Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu Z, Pang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5507-5516

Published Date: 30 June 2025

Cardioprotection Through Pharmacological Activation of Sirtuin 5 in a Murine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Castiello C, Efentakis P, Nikolaou PE, Symeonidi L, Chania C, Barla I, Akrani I, Kostomitsopoulos N, Gikas E, Thomaidis NS, Mikros E, Kleinbongard P, Fioravanti R, Zwergel C, Valente S, Mai A, Andreadou I

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5489-5505

Published Date: 27 June 2025

Alisol Triterpenoids Exhibit Triple Modulatory Mechanisms on the Cell Membrane to Overcome Cancer Multidrug Resistance

Chen JY, Chang YT, Ho YC, Teng YN

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5471-5488

Published Date: 26 June 2025

A Comparison of in-vitro Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Branded and Its Locally Produced Cefuroxime Sodium Against Staphylococcus and Escherichia Escherichia coli

Du M, Sun T, Wang X, Chi X, Xiao Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5461-5470

Published Date: 25 June 2025

Clinical Use of Fospropofol Disodium: Evaluation of Pharmacology, Safety, and Efficacy

Zou C, Chen H, Qiu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5453-5460

Published Date: 26 June 2025

Uncovering the Efficacy and Mechanism of Zhenwu Decoction for Hypothyroidism Based on Non-Targeted Metabolomics

Wang Y, Li Y, Tang M, Zhang L, Zhu S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5431-5451

Published Date: 25 June 2025

Overview and Prospects of the Clinical Application of Oliceridine

Yi K, Sun W, Yu W, Chen S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5415-5430

Published Date: 26 June 2025

Review

Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin and Novel Formulations in Psoriasis Treatment: Evidence and Future Prospects

Kantasa T, Yeerong K, Klinjan P, Na Takuathung M, Settakorn K, Chuamanochan M, Tovanabutra N, Ampasavate C, Koonrungsesomboon N

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5387-5414

Published Date: 25 June 2025

Ciprofol Versus Propofol for Sedation in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in a Chinese Population

Yang H, Lai P, Qin X, Cui Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Ding Y, Ye E, Wu Y, Ren B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5369-5385

Published Date: 25 June 2025

Comprehensive Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia Using Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review Based on Pathophysiological Perspectives

Fan M, Pan X, Liu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5349-5367

Published Date: 24 June 2025

Therapeutic Effect of Brucea Javanica Oil Emulsion in Mice with Irinotecan-Induced Delayed Diarrhea

Lai Z, Zhang Y, Hu X, Chen L, Huang W, Wang J, Chen B, Ren M, Yang B, Su Z, Chen J, Xie J, Lai Z, Xie Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5329-5347

Published Date: 24 June 2025

Levofloxacin–Niflumate Salt Development as a Strategy for Improving Physicochemical Properties and Modulating Antibiotic Potency and Anti-Inflammatory Performance

Nugrahani I, Uekusa H, Hori T, Wu Y, Wibowo MS, Garmana AN, Panjaitan FE

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5311-5328

Published Date: 19 June 2025

Network Pharmacology Approach to Unveiling the Mechanism of Wolfberry Mulberry Raspberry Decoction in the Treatment of Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction

Zhang Q, Wen L, Li J, Liu P, Sun X, Liu Q, Chen X, Zhang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5293-5310

Published Date: 20 June 2025

Dose-Response Analysis of Nalbuphine for Alleviating Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort After Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy in Men: A Retrospective Study

Tang J, Ni H, Yao M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5283-5292

Published Date: 19 June 2025

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamic, Safety and Tolerability of Fazamorexant, a Novel Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist: Report of the First-in-Human Study

Ni J, Jin L, Zhao D, Zhang W, Li B, Huang X, Hao X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5271-5282

Published Date: 19 June 2025

Glycolytic Dysfunction in Granulosa Cells and Its Contribution to Metabolic Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cao Z, Zhou Q, An J, Guo X, Jia X, Qiu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5255-5270

Published Date: 18 June 2025

Original Research

Opioid-Free Anesthesia Improved the Quality of Recovery After Thyroidectomy Through Pre-Emptive and Preventive Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhang Y, Xian X, Wang F, Zhou B, Wang Y, Wang P, Li Y, Wu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5243-5254

Published Date: 19 June 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofol Alone versus Ciprofol with Fentanyl for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Liu L, Li F, Wei Y, Luo L, Shen L, Li J, Sun N, Qian B, Sun D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5231-5241

Published Date: 18 June 2025

Multi-Target Mechanism of Compound Qingdai Capsule for Treatment of Psoriasis: Multi-Omics Analysis and Experimental Verification

Qiao Y, Li C, Chen C, Wu P, Yang Y, Xie M, Liu N, Gu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5209-5230

Published Date: 18 June 2025

Cumulative Live Birth Rates in Women Undergoing Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation Using Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, Dydrogesterone, and Progesterone: A Retrospective Analysis

Wu F, Lin J, Zhang J, Wang X, Huang J, Lin J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5193-5207

Published Date: 18 June 2025

Traditional Chinese Medicines as Anticancer Agents for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Mutations: A Review

Wang Z, Zhong Z, Yang W, Li Y, Zhang K, Gong Y, Jiao L, Xu L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5169-5191

Published Date: 18 June 2025

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Nitroxide Radical Derivatives Based on Rhein as Potential Anti-Aging Agents Targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway

Wang J, Peng X, Zhang X, Lin J, Zhang Q, Li J, Cui L, Zhao L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5153-5167

Published Date: 19 June 2025

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of Prophylactic Infusion of Equivalent Doses of Norepinephrine and Phenylephrine in Preventing Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery on Fetal and Maternal Outcomes: A Dual-Center, Non-Inferiority Controlled Trial

Mao J, Lin K, Liu X, Liu J, Liang G, Sheng Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5143-5152

Published Date: 17 June 2025

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of FSGTC for Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Study Combining Nested Case Analysis, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation

He M, Liu J, Gao W, Sun Y, Chen X, Fang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5123-5141

Published Date: 17 June 2025

A Comparative Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Oliceridine and Sufentanil in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial

Ma B, Li Y, Leng C, Ji A, Zhang N, Tao X, Cao Q, Wang S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5111-5121

Published Date: 17 June 2025

Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Remimazolam in General Anesthesia Patients

Chen Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang XF, Peng Y, Jiao Z, Wu JX

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5099-5109

Published Date: 16 June 2025

Discovery of Novel Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Peptides Using a Machine Learning and Molecular Docking Approach

Xiao W, Chen LZ, Chang J, Xiao YW

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5085-5098

Published Date: 14 June 2025

Edaravone in Digestive Diseases – A Narrative Review

Lei H, Wang M, Huang M, Fu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5071-5084

Published Date: 12 June 2025

Efficacy and Safety of Letermovir for Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

Zhu Y, Wang L, Xiang Y, Wang Y, Zhang A, Wang Y, Yin M, Dun J, Xu Y, Hu Q, Yu W, Liu A

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5059-5069

Published Date: 12 June 2025

Original Research

Drug Interaction Potential of Berberine Hydrochloride When Co-Administered with Tofacitinib and Filgotinib in Rats

Wang J, Lu S, Zhang C, Wang J, Wu H, Li G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5043-5057

Published Date: 10 June 2025

Effective Dose of Oliceridine Fumarate Co-Administered with Remimazolam in Suppressing Gastroscope Insertion Responses for Adults

Yang W, Zhou R, Zhou X, Chen X, Zhou D, Zhang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5033-5041

Published Date: 10 June 2025

Homeopathy for Heteropathy: FSS and Its Components for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Endometriosis

Yu Y, Sun T, Zhang J, Wu S, Tong X, Zhao F, Fu X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5009-5032

Published Date: 10 June 2025

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of HRS-1780 in Renal Impaired Subjects: A Multicenter, Non-Randomized, Open-Label Study [Corrigendum]

Fei Y, Xie Z, Luo Y, Yong X, Li N, Huang R, Du X, Zhu Y, Lan D, Qi Y, Cheng G, Wang Q, Shen K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:5007-5008

Published Date: 9 June 2025

Feasibility and Safety of Anlotinib Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Previously Immunotherapy-Treated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Exploratory Study

Chen TF, Li ZJ, Zhao HS, Yang R

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4991-5005

Published Date: 9 June 2025

Oxycodone vs the Combination of Fentanyl and Remifentanil for General Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Uterine Myomas Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

Xu X, Zhang H, Li J, Zhou L, Zhu S, Bao F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4979-4990

Published Date: 9 June 2025

Impact of Fungal Co-Infection on Teicoplanin Plasma Trough Concentration in Critically Ill Adults: A Novel Consideration for Dose Adjustment

Cheng L, Wang L, You X, Xiong L, Dai Q, Wang Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4967-4977

Published Date: 9 June 2025

Development and Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS Detection Method of Baricitinib for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in COVID-19 Patients

Zhan R, Shen Y, Fu H, Wu H, Chen X, Yu Y, Xu RA

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4957-4966

Published Date: 9 June 2025

Development of an Early-Warning Model for Predicting the Capecitabine-Induced Diarrhea

Liu Z, Qiu S, Xu Y, Wang X, Sun J, Cui L, Ye L, Liang Z, Gao S, Chen W, Wang Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4945-4956

Published Date: 7 June 2025

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Oxycodone/Naloxone Prolonged-Release Tablets in Chinese Patients with Chronic Pain

He Y, Yang L, Mou Q, Cao X, Zhu X, Wang Y, Luo Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4933-4944

Published Date: 7 June 2025

A Review of the Mechanisms of Astragaloside IV and Berberine in Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Obesity and Diabetes

Li Y, Ma Y, Yao L, Li J, Zhou X, Wang M, Gui M, Li D, Chen X, Dong Y, Lu B, Fu D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4911-4932

Published Date: 7 June 2025

Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid-Rich Compounds in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Xia Y, Liang C, Luo H, Zhang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4895-4910

Published Date: 6 June 2025

Effect of High Maintenance Dose Versus Low Dose of Remifentanil on Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Patients Under Gynecological Laparoscopic Procedure: A Pilot Study

Liu ZY, Yang XY, Lv C, Ye L, Chen JJ, Chen XY, Wang SP, Wu L, Zhang WQ, Lu M, Guo XW

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4885-4894

Published Date: 7 June 2025

Febuxostat Improves Postprandial Glucose Regulation and Insulin Sensitivity in Hyperuricemic Individuals with Prediabetes or Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Liu S, Liu Q, Gu R, Wu M, Meng S, Yan L, Chen Q, Zhu C, Chen S, Xu B, Liu F, Chen H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4875-4884

Published Date: 5 June 2025

Analysis of Menopausal Hormone Therapy to Chinese Patients with Menopausal Syndrome: A Real-World Retrospective Study from Chinese Hospitals

Zhu Z, Shi A, Liu L, Jin G, Wang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4861-4873

Published Date: 4 June 2025

Jingfang Granules for Diabetic Wound Healing: Insights from Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Wang R, Wang Q, Liu M, Xiao H, Zhang G, Yao J, Liu M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4835-4860

Published Date: 4 June 2025

Exploring the Mechanism of 2ʹ-Hydroxychalcone Improving Copper Sulfate-Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish Through Network Pharmacology

Shen Y, Yao YD, Li H, Zhang Q, Wang CL, Hu L, Hu YC, Chen MH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4809-4834

Published Date: 4 June 2025

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ferroptosis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Potential Therapeutic Approach

Xu H, Lu J, Tang X, Li P, Wu L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4789-4808

Published Date: 4 June 2025

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics with Enterohepatic Recirculation of Co-Medication of Rosuvastatin and Ezetimibe

An H, Shin D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4777-4787

Published Date: 4 June 2025

Sheng-Jiang Powder Alleviates Th17/Treg Immune Imbalance of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Regulating the Fatty Acids Metabolism

Wu L, Xu H, Xia H, Peng L, Qin L, Gong Q, Zhao M, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Zheng Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4755-4776

Published Date: 3 June 2025

Original Research

SNAr Reactive Pyrazine Derivatives as p53-Y220C Cleft Binders with Diverse Binding Modes

Klett T, Stahlecker J, Schwer M, Jaag SJ, Masberg B, Knappe C, Lämmerhofer M, Stehle T, Boeckler FM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4727-4753

Published Date: 3 June 2025

Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Thoracoscopic Lobectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhang Y, Li W, Wei A, Chen S, Wang X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4717-4726

Published Date: 4 June 2025

Lobetyolin Suppressed Osteoclastogenesis and Alleviated Bone Loss in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis via Hindering p50/p65 Nuclear Translocation and Downstream NFATc1/c-Fos Expression

Xiu C, Luo H, Huang W, Fan S, Yuan C, Chen J, Xu C, Yao C, Hong D, Zhang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4689-4715

Published Date: 3 June 2025

Original Research

Integration of Network Pharmacology, Transcriptomics, and Metabolomics Strategies to Uncover the Mechanism of Chaihuang Qingfu Pill in Treating Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury

Zhang C, Chen F, Jiang Y, Deng J, Yan X, Yin X, Su B, Liu W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4665-4688

Published Date: 2 June 2025

Rhein Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Downregulation of NOX4-COX2/PGFS Signaling Pathway

Yuan X, Long L, Wang M, Chen W, Liang B, Xu L, Wang W, Li C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4641-4664

Published Date: 31 May 2025

Effect of Intraoperative Intravenous Infusion of Esketamine Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Sleep Disturbance in Patients Undergoing Radical Mastectomy

Geng X, Pu Y, Hu Z, Zhang H, Wang M, Fang C, Lv G, Li W, Zhang X, Fan X, Liu S, Chen X, Wu J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4629-4640

Published Date: 31 May 2025

The Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Ringer’s Solution and Lactate Ringer’s Solution in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Abdominal Open Surgery: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Zhou S, Zhao K, Liu C, Luo H, Shi J, Liu C, Li X, Gao F, Wu X, Shen Q, Yuan W, Chai X, Wei X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4617-4628

Published Date: 1 June 2025

The Influence of Age on the Effective Dosage of Intravenous Remimazolam for the Relief of Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients at Median and 95% Effective Doses: A Prospective Study

Chen Y, Zhang W, Ma J, Liu W, Song X, Chen X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4605-4615

Published Date: 1 June 2025

Mechanistic Exploration of Shugan Jianpi Formula for Treating Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Under Chronic Stress: A Network Pharmacology-Guided Experimental Study

Liu F, Li L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Tian X, Zhang D, Zhang N, Yan T, Shi S, Wu J, Jiang S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4585-4603

Published Date: 31 May 2025

Dolutegravir Derivatives Alleviate LPS-Induced Microglial Inflammation by Suppressing STAT1/3 Nuclear Translocation

Wang L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Mao L, Hou X, Peng L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4567-4584

Published Date: 30 May 2025

Mechanisms of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium-Zingiberis Rhizoma in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Gu Q, Duan S, Tibenda JJ, Gou B, Huang S, Chen G, Ning N, Du Y, Liu W, Nan Y, Yuan L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4537-4566

Published Date: 30 May 2025

Clinical Trial Report

Effects of Remimazolam Tosilate Combined with Esketamine on Anesthetic Efficacy and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study

Yu X, Xu X, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4527-4535

Published Date: 30 May 2025

Effects of Preoperative Magnesium Sulphate Infusion on Emergence Agitation and Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Lobectomy

Pu Y, Geng X, Wang M, Lv G, Hu Z, Fang C, Zhang X, Li W, Fan X, Chen X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4517-4525

Published Date: 29 May 2025

Explainable Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Drug Research

Ding Q, Yao R, Bai Y, Da L, Wang Y, Xiang R, Jiang X, Zhai F

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4501-4516

Published Date: 29 May 2025

A Novel Flavonoid Derivative of Icariside II (YS-10) Improves Erectile Dysfunction in a Diabetic Rat Model by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 Pathway

Liu Y, Liu GN, Zha YR, Pan CL, Xu YD, Li HW, Zang YY, Wang WQ, Yao JJ, Sun JT, Yang Y, Wei ZT

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4481-4500

Published Date: 28 May 2025

Design and Synthesis of Novel 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydropyrido[2,3-D]pyrimidine Derivatives as VCP/p97 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Wang X, Long Z, Wen T, Miao H, Ye X, Lei M, Zhu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4457-4479

Published Date: 27 May 2025

Synthesis, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Hydrazones Derived from 2-Hydrazinobenzimidazole

Al-Saleem MSM, Mohamed Ahmed MS, Riyadh SM, Alruwaili AH, Zaki MEA, Gomha SM

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4437-4456

Published Date: 27 May 2025

Comparison of Esketamine/Propofol and Sufentanil/Propofol on Intraoperative Hypoxemia During Bronchoscopy: A Randomized Trial

Huang X, Li X, Sun Y, Wu A, Ai P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4429-4436

Published Date: 27 May 2025

Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge-Fritillaria Cirrhosae Bulbus Herb Pair Alleviates Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma by Regulating Arachidonic Acid Pathway

Tian X, Cui Q, Wei J, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Yang M, Xing Y, Niu Y, Li W, Wang N, Jin Y, Du Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4407-4427

Published Date: 27 May 2025

The Follicular Output Rate was Improved with 3-Day Letrozole Administration Compared with 5-Day Letrozole Administration Under Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation

Wang X, Tian J, Tian L, Chen X, Zhang Z, Diao H, Zhang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4397-4406

Published Date: 27 May 2025

Simultaneous Determination of Unbound Plasma Concentration of Methotrexate and 7-Hydroxymethotrexate in Children Patients Receiving High-Dose Methotrexate Therapy

Dong WC, Gao SS, Shi B, Li HR, Jiang Y, Guo JL, Zhang ZQ, Zhang YZ

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4383-4396

Published Date: 26 May 2025

Comparison of the Dural Puncture Epidural and Conventional Epidural Analgesia Maintained Using Programmed Epidural Boluses for Labor Analgesia

Mo X, Yu J, Qin Z, Ma J, Chen Y, Chen X

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4373-4382

Published Date: 26 May 2025

Research Trends and Developments in Nanomaterials for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis

Jia X, He L, Chang Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhang X, Guo J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4355-4371

Published Date: 27 May 2025

Clinical Trial Report

Population Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid in Chinese Population Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Liu Y, Zhou C, Lv H, Tian L, Jiang J, Shi J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4343-4353

Published Date: 26 May 2025

Mechanism of Action and Efficacy of Wu-Hua-Yan-Xiao in the Treatment of Pediatric Acute Pharyngitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Zhang X, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Luo J, Shen Z, Liang H, Zeng Y, Liu W, Zheng C, Li J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4321-4342

Published Date: 24 May 2025

Dasatinib Dose Optimization Based on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Cheng F, Cui Z, Li Q, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4311-4320

Published Date: 23 May 2025

Original Research

Semaglutide Alleviates Ovarian Oxidative Stress and Autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Guo S, Li X, Liu M, Feng M, Wang X, Xue H, Zhang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4297-4310

Published Date: 23 May 2025

Olive Oil Solution of Volatile Oil from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride Alleviates Slow-Transit Constipation via Regulating SCF/c-Kit Signaling Pathway and Intestinal Flora

Zou S, Xie B, An Z, Li F, Cui L, Zhang Z, Bu W, He D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4275-4295

Published Date: 22 May 2025

Dexmedetomidine Cannot Attenuate Liver Injury and Improve Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Living Donor Hepatectomy: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Cui LL, Zhang L, Liu S, Zhu Q, Xue FS

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4263-4274

Published Date: 22 May 2025

Bibliometrics Analysis and Knowledge Mapping of Fragment-Based Drug Design Research: Trends from 2015 to 2024

He C, Zhang J, Zhang R, Liu L, Luo J, Zhang W, Fang B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4245-4262

Published Date: 22 May 2025

Original Research

Zuogui Pill Promotes Neurovascular Regeneration and Corticospinal Tract Remodeling After Ischemic Stroke

Wu D, Yan X, Mei S, Hua H, Fei X, Xu X, Liu Y, Wu M, Zhu J, Li W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4221-4243

Published Date: 21 May 2025

Visual Research of Global Orphan Drug from a Bibliometric Perspective

Wen X, Jin G, Wu C

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4201-4220

Published Date: 20 May 2025

Review

PCOS and Inositols – Advances and Lessons We are Learning. A Narrative Review

Lentini G, Querqui A, Monti N, Bizzarri M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4183-4199

Published Date: 21 May 2025

Original Research

Quality by Design Formulation Approach for the Development of Orodispersible Tablets of Dexlansoprazole

Ali AT, Nasir F, Hidayatullah T, Pervez S, Rabqa Zainab S, Gohar S, Ur Rahman A, Khattak MA, Alasmari F, Neau SH, Maryam GE

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4163-4181

Published Date: 21 May 2025

Original Research

Minimum Effective Concentration of Ropivacaine for Ultrasound-Guided RISS Block in VATS: A Biased Coin Design Approach

Li P, Yang Z, Zhang L, Wu R, Zhu M, Xie J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4151-4161

Published Date: 20 May 2025

Effects of Esketamine Versus Remifentanil on Hemodynamics and Prognosis in Patients with Septic Shock Receiving Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Li Y, Li H, Zhang F, Chen Y, Zhang D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4139-4149

Published Date: 21 May 2025

Potential of Sivelestat for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment: Network Pharmacology-Based Target Identification and Mechanistic Exploration

Deng X, Qiu P, Li X, Hu Y, Que Q, Zhang K, Deng T, Liu Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4123-4138

Published Date: 20 May 2025

ITGA4 Contributes to 5-Fluorouracil Resistance by Up-Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling: Evidence from Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Verification

Yan S, Hu X, Wu Y, Ye W, Zhu Y, He Y, Zhan F, Wu W, Ma Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4105-4122

Published Date: 20 May 2025

Noninferiority of 0.25% versus 0.375% Ropivacaine in Popliteal Sciatic and Saphenous Nerve Blocks for Analgesia After Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Randomized Self-Paired Noninferiority Trial

Wu L, Xi C, Lei G, Li H, Yin Y, Wan M, Wu H, Wang Y, Hu C, Wang G

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4093-4104

Published Date: 19 May 2025

Review

Exploring the Potential of Pyridine Carboxylic Acid Isomers to Discover New Enzyme Inhibitors

Yaqoob S, Khan FA, Tanveer N, Ali S, Hameed A, El-Seedi H, Jiang ZH, Wang Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4039-4091

Published Date: 20 May 2025

A Real-Time Plasma Concentration Prediction Model for Voriconazole in Elderly Patients via Machine Learning Combined with Population Pharmacokinetics

Liu R, Ma P, Chen D, Yu M, Xie L, Zhao L, Huang Y, Shang S, Chen Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4021-4037

Published Date: 17 May 2025

The Median Effective Concentration (EC50) of Alfentanil Combined with Propofol Closed-Loop Targeted Infusion in Super-Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Sun Z, Li W, Zhong Y, Lang B, Luo Y

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:4011-4019

Published Date: 16 May 2025

Inhibition of Dormant Lung Cancer Cell Reactivation by Punica Granatum Peel and Dioscorea Nipponica: Involving MYC, SKP2 and p27

Hnit SST, Bi L, Xie C, Xu L, Zhong Y, Yang M, Wang Y, Dong Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3997-4010

Published Date: 15 May 2025

Yi-Fei-Tong-Bi Decoction Alleviates Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

Du K, Wen X, Zhu J, Liang R, Wang L, Li N, Zou Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3983-3995

Published Date: 15 May 2025

Effect of Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Liver Function Following Microvascular Reconstruction for Head and Neck Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lv XL, Liu Q, Yu JP, Cai XC, Wu L, Yang JJ, Dong YC

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3971-3981

Published Date: 15 May 2025

Research Trends on Nanomaterials and Hepatocellular Carcinoma From 1999 to 2024: A Bibliometric Analysis

Liu MS, Zhong SS, Wang JK, Wang T, Zhang KH

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3949-3970

Published Date: 16 May 2025

ShenQi ShenKang Granule Alleviates Chronic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway and Restoring Autophagy Flux and Mitochondrial Integrity

Xia C, Zhang J, Chen H, Zhou S, Jiang W, Zheng H, Lin Z, Tan Q, Sun W

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3925-3947

Published Date: 15 May 2025

Design and Evaluation of Andrographolide Analogues as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors: Molecular Modeling and in vitro Studies

Suriya U, Intamalee P, Saeeng R, Wilasluck P, Deetanya P, Wangkanont K, Kanjanasirirat P, Wongwitayasombat C, Nutho B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3907-3924

Published Date: 15 May 2025

Huashi Jiedu Decoction Enhances 5-Fluorouracil Efficacy in Gastric Cancer via miRNA-21-3p/p53 Pathway

Hong Q, Lin W, Yan Y, Chen S, Li J, Yu J, Zhu Y, Qiu S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3883-3906

Published Date: 15 May 2025

Biochemical and Molecular Studies on the Role of Celecoxib and Some Related Bipyrazoles in Mitigating Induced Liver Injury in Experimental Animals

Marei M, El-Nikhely N, Sheta E, Ragab H, Wahid A, Saeed H, Rostom SAF

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3857-3882

Published Date: 15 May 2025

Computational and Experimental Investigation of Antidiabetic Drugs on Tofacitinib Metabolism: Molecular Docking, in vitro, and in vivo Studies

Zhou J, Zhang Q, Guan J, Peng X, Lu Z, Zhou Q, Mamun AA, Wang S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3845-3856

Published Date: 13 May 2025

Enhancing Cartilage Repair in Osteoarthritis Using Platelet Lysates and Arthroscopic Microfracture

Zhang H, Li D, Zheng W, Hua J, Chen Z, Xu W, Zhu J, Wang Y, Chen X, Chen H, Guo L, Yuan Q, Zhou L, Shan L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3827-3843

Published Date: 13 May 2025

A Bibliometric Analysis of Microneedle-Mediated Drug Delivery: Trends, Hotspots, and Future Directions

Xiang W, Jiang X, Guo L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3805-3825

Published Date: 10 May 2025

Ethnobotanical Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of Canavalia gladiata

Qian H, Meng D, Yue L, Xu H, Feng K, Wang J

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3779-3803

Published Date: 9 May 2025

A Natural Compound Methylnissolin: Physicochemical Properties, Pharmacological Activities, Pharmacokinetics and Resource Development

Lin Z, Liang M, Zhang X, Cen Z, Kang F, Liang B, Lai Y, Li M, Duan T, Yang J, Liu B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3763-3777

Published Date: 8 May 2025

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of HRS-1780 in Renal Impaired Subjects: A Multicenter, Non-Randomized, Open-Label Study

Fei Y, Xie Z, Luo Y, Yong X, Li N, Huang R, Du X, Zhu Y, Lan D, Qi Y, Cheng G, Wang Q, Shen K

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3751-3761

Published Date: 8 May 2025

Quantitative Proteomic Study Reveals Amygdalin Alleviates Liver Fibrosis Through Inhibiting mTOR/PDCD4/JNK Pathway in Hepatic Stellate Cells

Huang H, Ru SJ, Chen JM, Liu W, Fang SH, Liu Q, Meng Q, Liu P, Zhou H

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3735-3749

Published Date: 7 May 2025

Design of Experiments Assisted Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of Efavirenz Solid Dispersion Adsorbate for Improvement in Dissolution and Flow Properties

Mujtaba MA, Rashid MA, Alhamhoom Y, Gangane P, Jagtap MJ, Akbar MJ, Wathore SA, Kaleem M, Elhassan GO, Khalid M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3715-3734

Published Date: 7 May 2025

Combined Use of Remimazolam and Ciprofol Reduces Hypoxemia and Shortens Recovery Time During Sedated Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Zou HD, Luo C, Hu ZL, Zhou P, Luo RY

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3703-3713

Published Date: 6 May 2025

Determining Opioid-Sparing Efficacy of Intraoperative Esketamine After Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery [Letter]

Chen XY, Guo YH, Xue FS

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3701-3702

Published Date: 7 May 2025

The Recovery of Ciprofol, Remimazolam and Remimazolam-Flumazenil for General Anesthesia Undergoing Fundus Surgery: A Single-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study

Zhang S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu T

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3691-3700

Published Date: 5 May 2025

A Population Pharmacokinetics Study of Venetoclax Concomitant with Voriconazole in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Yang J, Wang H, Liu D, Cao W, Xing H, Wang P

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3681-3690

Published Date: 5 May 2025

The Potential Mechanisms of Althaea rosea (Linn.) Cavan. Flower in Alleviating Tetrodotoxin Poisoning: An Integrated Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

Zheng R, Wu Y, Huang L, Zeng F, Huang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3657-3680

Published Date: 5 May 2025

Comparison Between Low-Dose Esketamine and Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Recovery Quality Among Patients Undergoing Humeral Trauma Surgery in Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Chen J, Qi Y, Zhang J, Sun B, Zhang M, Meng X, Zhou M, Wang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3645-3655

Published Date: 5 May 2025

Prediction of High-Dose Methotrexate Blood Concentration in Osteosarcoma Patients Using Machine Learning

Zhao J, Dai S, He J, Liu N, Zhang B, Li S

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3631-3643

Published Date: 3 May 2025

Hyodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome Through Pathways of Primary Bile Acid Synthesis and Fatty Acid Degradation: Insights From a Rat Model

Chen M, Huang K, Luo W, Zhang F, Gan H, Yang Z

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3611-3630

Published Date: 1 May 2025

Bibliometric Analysis of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACS) in the Prevention of Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Zhou F, Pang Z, Chen Z, Hu K, Luo J, Huang S, Qu Q

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3589-3610

Published Date: 30 April 2025

The Median Effective Dose of Ciprofol Combined with Sufentanil for Inhibiting Responses to Gastroscope Insertion in Obese Patients: A Prospective, Single-Center Study

Xue Z, Liu X, Qian W, Yang N, Pan Y, Zhou Y, Jiang W, Li F, Qian B

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3577-3587

Published Date: 1 May 2025

Optimized Sampling Strategies for Isoniazid in East Asian Pediatric Populations Using Population Pharmacokinetics-Informed Approaches

Ju G, Liu X, Peng Y, Yang W, Xu N, He Q, Zhang C, Chen L, Yang N, Zhang G, Li C, Su P, Zhu X, Ouyang D

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3555-3576

Published Date: 1 May 2025

Lean Six Sigma as a Management Tool Helps Standardize Antimicrobial Use in Hospital Settings

Wang Q, Han X, Zhang X, Guo L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3539-3554

Published Date: 30 April 2025

Review

A Comprehensive Review on the Pharmacokinetics and Drug−Drug Interactions of Approved GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and a Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist

Min JS, Jo SJ, Lee S, Kim DY, Kim DH, Lee CB, Bae SK

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3509-3537

Published Date: 30 April 2025

Preclinical Investigations of a Novel PEGylated Long-Acting Human Growth Hormone

Wang J, Wang H, Wang R, Zhuang Y, Jiang C, Zhao B, Xu Z, Ma BY

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3497-3507

Published Date: 29 April 2025

Correlation Analysis of Coagulation and Platelet Parameters with Clinical Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and the Interventional Effect of Jianpi Huashi Tongluo Formula - Xinfeng Capsule: A Post Hoc Analysis Based on an Randomized Controlled Trial

Wang F, Liu J, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wen J, He M

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3477-3495

Published Date: 29 April 2025

Drug Interactions of Imperatorin and Curcumin on Macitentan in vitro and in vivo

Wu H, Liu Q, Shen Y, Qi H, Zhao J, Li Q, Xia H, Xu RA, Shi L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:3459-3475