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ImmunoTargets and Therapy

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ISSN: 2253-1556

Archive: Volume 14, 2025

TLR9: A Double-Dealing Toll-Like Receptor

Nielsen M, Nishizaki D, Kato S, Kurzrock R

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1531-1554

Published Date: 30 December 2025

Inhibitors of KAT2A Alleviate the Progression of AKI by Alleviating Macrophage Ferritinophagy

Zuo Z, Gao S, Wang J, Liu Z, Lu Z, Wu H, Huang X, Yang C, Chen J, Liu H, Pan Q, Yang L

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1515-1529

Published Date: 28 December 2025

Precision Medicine in Asthma: The Role of Biomarkers

Quek E, Horn N, Siddiqui S

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1479-1513

Published Date: 28 December 2025

Immune-Related Adverse Events of Checkpoint Inhibitors and Human Leukocyte Antigen System: A Review

Kośmider K, Kozakiewicz A, Krawczyk P, Kieszko R, Szklener K, Skórzewska M, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Kalinka E, Milanowski J

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1455-1478

Published Date: 19 December 2025

Integrative Spatial Transcriptomics and Experimental Validation Reveal UBC-Mediated EMT Associated with Immune Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Li X, Qin X, Shi K, Lu G, Tian G, Chen Y, Yao R

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1437-1454

Published Date: 19 December 2025

Development of a Novel Anti-Siglec-15 Antibody for Tumor Immunotherapy

Liu Q, Li L, Nian S, Sun X, Guo X, Li C, Yang Z, Ye Y, Yuan Q

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1419-1435

Published Date: 11 December 2025

A Critical Role of DC-SIGN+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer Immune Evasion and Progression via BCL-3-Mediated PD-L1 Expression

Zhang J, Zhao Y, Wang X, Miao C, Xu W, Wan C, Hu B, Qian F

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1395-1410

Published Date: 10 December 2025

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Sepsis and Sepsis-Related Organ Dysfunction

Yan W, Xu X, Li X, Ma Y, Guo L, Yang J, Jin Z, Zhang J, Li T

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1373-1393

Published Date: 27 November 2025

The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Immune System Interactions in Autoimmune Diseases

Yurtseven B, Aydemir E, Ayaz F

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1347-1372

Published Date: 26 November 2025

Deep Learning Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Hand Radiographs Interpretability Insights and Web Application

Cai K, Dou D, Deng G, Zhan Y, Huang H, Feng Z

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1333-1345

Published Date: 19 November 2025

Clinical Risk Stratification and Modifiable Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Follicular Lymphoma

Deng Y, Jia Z, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu L, Wang X, Song H, Zhang Z, Liu C, Zhang Q, Ma J

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1293-1312

Published Date: 12 November 2025

Emerging Role of MDSCS as Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy

Silva-Romeiro S, Flores-Campos RDC, Sánchez-León ML, Sánchez-Margalet V, De la Cruz-Merino L

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1267-1291

Published Date: 10 November 2025

Profiling Shared Cytotoxic Immune Signatures in SLE-Associated Coronary Injury Through Transcriptomics and Machine Learning

Chen Y, Tso SM, Wu F, Xu Y, Cui L

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1247-1266

Published Date: 4 November 2025

Understanding and Managing Hyper IgE Syndromes

Meric Z, Aydin M, Demir Gumus D, Yucel E, Kiykim A

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1233-1245

Published Date: 5 November 2025

Soluble Programmed Cell Death-1: A Potential Predictor of HBsAg Loss in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Undergoing Peginterferon Therapy

Yang G, Gan Y, Xia M, Fu Q, Zhang M, Luo K, Wang Z

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1223-1231

Published Date: 4 November 2025

Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Liu T, Yang Z, Tong J, Gao M, Pang Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1209-1221

Published Date: 31 October 2025

Dramatic Clinical Response to a Novel Form of Cell Therapy SL-28 in a Patient with Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis: A Case Report

Tetz V, Kardava K, Shulenbayev O, Vecherkovskaya M, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Tsirigos A, Tetz G

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1201-1207

Published Date: 29 October 2025

Sorafenib Combined with Tislelizumab and Transarterial Chemoembolization for Advanced-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase II Study

Liang L, Zhou J, Huang J, Guo Y, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Lin L, Hong X, Shi W, Lin Z, Liu J, Zhu K, Huang W, Cai M

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1187-1200

Published Date: 25 October 2025

Regulatory Mechanisms of Co-Inhibitory Receptors in Tuberculosis Immunity: Implications for Therapeutic Targets

Liu H, Li H, Li S, Shang Y, Tang S, Pang Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1169-1185

Published Date: 24 October 2025

Regulation of Histone Acetylation During Inflammation Resolution

Gong L, Lei J, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wu L, Chen Y, Liu X, Li Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1145-1158

Published Date: 22 October 2025

2B4/CD244 Signaling in Immune Regulation and Its Role in Infection, Cancer, and Immune Tolerance

Yan C, Lu P, Jiang Y, Miao S, Zhao L, Xu X

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1111-1131

Published Date: 4 October 2025

Psoriasis Increases the Risk of ANCA Associated Vasculitis: Insights from A Propensity Score-Matched Study

Cui R, Wang Q, Kang ZJ, Du Y, Chen M, Wang YH, Wei JC, Dai S

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1087-1095

Published Date: 26 September 2025

Targeting ILT4 to Improve Immunotherapy Efficacy in Solid Tumour: From Bench to Bedside

Gao A, Wang S, Sun Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1073-1085

Published Date: 18 September 2025

Anti-CD24 Antibody Plus Liposomal Doxorubicin for the Management of Residual Cancers After Incomplete Radiofrequency Ablation

Liu J, Sun B, Li J, Liu X, Zhang G, Lei Z, Zheng C, Kan X

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1053-1071

Published Date: 18 September 2025

Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy: Time to Move Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitors

Abel M, Warner AB, Karzai F, Madan RA

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1041-1052

Published Date: 13 September 2025

Research Progress of Natural Killer Cells in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Wang Y, Yan Z, Miao J, Que H, Shan W

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:1029-1040

Published Date: 12 September 2025

T Cells Dysfunction in Multiple Myeloma

Cai L, Zuo L, Wang G, Li Q, Ma C, Wu J, Sun C, Hu Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:997-1014

Published Date: 11 September 2025

Directed-Complement Activation as a Novel Immunotherapeutic Approach for HER2-Breast Cancer

Seguin-Devaux C, Brandus B, Plesseria JM, Iserentant G, Servais JY, Pitiot A, Kanli G, Behrmann I, Schober R, Zimmer J, Cohen JH, Dervillez X

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:979-995

Published Date: 5 September 2025

B7-H3/CD276: Novel Immune Checkpoint and Jack of All Trades

Larkin B, Nishizaki D, Miyashita H, Lee S, Nikanjam M, Eskander RN, Jensen TJ, Pabla S, Conroy JM, DePietro P, Sicklick JK, Kurzrock R, Kato S

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:967-977

Published Date: 5 September 2025

Machine Learning-Derived Neddylation Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy Benefits in Colorectal Cancer

Yang G, Xiao J, He H, Wang J, Wang Z, Jian L, Chen Q

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:931-952

Published Date: 25 August 2025

Ultrasound-Mediated Non-Specific Splenic Immunopotentiation to Elicit Broad-Spectrum Anti-Neoplastic Effects

Dong W, Wang G, Li S, Wang Q, Li W, Liu H, Liang Y, Zhou Z, He X, Guo W, Yuan J, Chai Y, Geng J, Li Z

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:901-930

Published Date: 24 August 2025

Calcitriol and Tacalcitol Modulate Th17 Differentiation Through Osteopontin Receptors: Age-Dependent Insights from a Mouse Breast Cancer Model

Strzykalska-Augustyniak A, Psurski M, Zachary H, Filip-Psurska B, Kłopotowska D, Milczarek M, Świtalska M, Stachowicz-Suhs M, Łabędź N, Ziemblicka A, Gos M, Wietrzyk J

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:877-899

Published Date: 23 August 2025

Fracture-Induced Immunological Cascades Trigger Rapid Systemic Bone Loss via Osteocyte-Regulated Osteoclastogenesis

Sun L, Kuang S, Li Y, Wang G, Sun J, Zhou F, Zhang C

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:849-875

Published Date: 21 August 2025

Comprehensive Insights Into the Role of TRPM4 in Pan-Cancer Progression and Immune Regulation

Chang W, Gao W, Luo B, Chen Y, Wen Z

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:831-848

Published Date: 20 August 2025

PD-L1/ITGB4 Axis Modulates Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Sorafenib via FAK/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Zhu T, Cao N, Tu L, Ouyang S, Wang Z, Liang Y, Zhou S, Tang X

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:815-830

Published Date: 13 August 2025

Predicting ICU Admission in Patients with Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy

Su XH, Li WP, Xu XF, Su XL, Liu J, Feng SY, Liu JY, Dong RQ, Ngai IK, Yang L, Xu L, Li ZQ, Li DC, Jiang Y, Peng FH

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:799-814

Published Date: 8 August 2025

Hepatic Metabolic Signature and Its Association with the Response to Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Park H, Park S, Park K, Yim SY, Lee JS, Lee SH

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:787-798

Published Date: 23 July 2025

Mitophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Tuberculosis Immunotherapy

Gao S, Yang Z, Yu J, Zhang F, Tang S, Pang Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:773-786

Published Date: 22 July 2025

Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Molecular Targeted Therapy Plus PD-(L)1 with or without TACE in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

Liu J, Wang Y, Cui L, Nie Y, Li C, Tan W, Li Y, Bai Y, Wan T, Hu B, Liu Z, Hu M, Wang M, Duan F

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:761-771

Published Date: 17 July 2025

Combination of Radioligand Therapy and Immunotherapy: How to Make It Work in Clinic?

Jiao R, Dadachova E

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:755-759

Published Date: 15 July 2025

Preclinical Evaluation of a B7-H3 Targeting Antibody Enhancing NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity for Ovarian Cancer Treatment

Hagelstein I, Mattern S, Wang K, Haueisen YE, Greiner SM, Englisch A, Staebler A, Singer S, Lutz MS

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:735-753

Published Date: 11 July 2025

Immune Microenvironment on the Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of MAFLD

Jiang Z, Qian B, Xu T, Bai J, Fu W

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:719-733

Published Date: 11 July 2025

Inhibition of Aspartate β-Hydroxylase Enhances Anti-Tumor Immunity

Johari SD, Krausova K, Zucha B, Madureira Trufen CE, Polakova I, Olsen M, Smahel M

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:697-718

Published Date: 7 July 2025

IL-6 Signaling in Immunopathology: From Basic Biology to Selective Therapeutic Intervention

Schumertl T, Lokau J, Garbers C

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:681-695

Published Date: 5 July 2025

Current Advances and Challenges in CAR-T Therapy for Hematological and Solid Tumors

Zhang G, Bai M, Du H, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Fan W, Zhu H, Wu D, He P, Xue B

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:655-680

Published Date: 27 June 2025

Advancing Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Akabane M, Chatzipanagiotou OP, Imaoka Y, Schenk A, Pawlik TM

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:631-654

Published Date: 25 June 2025

Immunotargets and Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Mok CC

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:605-629

Published Date: 24 June 2025

TGF-β Decreases NK Cell Mobility and Cytotoxic Efficacy in Complex in vitro Models of the Leukemia Microenvironment

Švubová V, Janstová L, Jedlička M, Mašínová E, Szabová J, Feglarová T, Kuglerová K, Bosáková V, Brodská B, Boráková K, Kundrát D, Trsová I, Böhmová M, Kuželová K, Hrdý J, Gašová Z, Vydra J, Dostálová Merkerová M, Hortová-Kohoutková M, Frič J

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:589-604

Published Date: 18 June 2025

Prognostic Significance of Circulating Immune Subset Counts in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Xie H, Zhang L, Chen L, Zhou W, Zhang L, Su Y, Li B, Ding P, Xiao Y, Lu T, Gong X, Li J

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:577-587

Published Date: 17 June 2025

The Regulatory Network of Transcription Factors in Macrophage Polarization

Liu J, Wang M, Zhao Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:555-575

Published Date: 6 June 2025

JAK-STAT Signaling in Autoimmunity and Cancer

Parveen S, Fatma M, Mir SS, Dermime S, Uddin S

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:523-554

Published Date: 11 May 2025

Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Autoimmune Diseases

Quero FB, Troncoso-Bravo T, Farías MA, Kalergis AM

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:501-514

Published Date: 28 April 2025

Anti-GAD65 Antibodies Related Refractory Epilepsy Successfully Treated with Tocilizumab: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review

Chen S, Kessi M, Tan J, He F, Zhang C, Yin F, Yang L, Peng J

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:491-500

Published Date: 18 April 2025

A Case Series of Anti-Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Antibody-Related Diseases with Distinct Neurological Involvement

Zhang Z, Deng X, Guo D, Zhao J, Li J, He F, Yang L, Peng J

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:465-474

Published Date: 9 April 2025

Selective Deletion of HLA-B, and -C Class I Genes Promotes Immunocompatibility of Humanized Skin Graft Model

Cobos-Figueroa L, Notario L, Mir C, Molpeceres C, Lauzurica S, López D, Lorente E, Lauzurica P

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:451-463

Published Date: 9 April 2025

Recombinant Antithrombin Alleviated Pulmonary Injury and Inflammation in LPS-Induced ARDS by Inhibiting IL17a/NF-κB Signaling

Yang C, Fu C, Wang M, Zheng J, Gao Y, Zhu H, Li H, Li D, Guo L, Yu B, Dai Q

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:433-449

Published Date: 7 April 2025

Cytokine Couture: Designer IL2 Molecules for the Treatment of Disease

Dashwood A, Ghodsinia AA, Dooley J, Liston A

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:403-431

Published Date: 4 April 2025

Recent Advances in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Corti C, Koca B, Rahman T, Mittendorf EA, Tolaney SM

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:339-357

Published Date: 3 April 2025

A High-Throughput, Three-Dimensional Multiple Myeloma Model Recapitulating Tumor-Stroma Interactions for CAR-Immune Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay

Luanpitpong S, Janan M, Poohadsuan J, Rodboon N, Samart P, Rungarunlert S, Issaragrisil S

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:321-338

Published Date: 30 March 2025

Tumor Immunotherapy Targeting B7-H3: From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications

Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang C, Chen W, Fu Y, Yu Y, Chen Y, Shao T, Zhang J, Ding G

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:291-320

Published Date: 27 March 2025

Lysyl Oxidase-Like 1 (LOXL1) Up-Regulation in Chondrocytes Promotes M1 Macrophage Activation in Osteoarthritis via NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling

Jiang Y, Wang S, Zhu W, Liu X, Yang Y, Huo L, Ye J, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Mao J, Wang X

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:259-278

Published Date: 24 March 2025

Myeloid Cells in the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment as Immunotargets in Osteosarcoma

Sholevar CJ, Liu NM, Mukarrama T, Kim J, Lawrence J, Canter RJ

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:247-258

Published Date: 19 March 2025

Exploring the Association Between Immune Cell Phenotypes and Osteoporosis Mediated by Inflammatory Cytokines: Insights from GWAS and Single-Cell Transcriptomics

Kuang S, Ma X, Sun L, Wang C, Li Y, Wang G, Sun J, Zhou F, Zhang C

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:227-246

Published Date: 17 March 2025

Conversion of T Effector Cells Into T Regulatory Cells in Type 1 Diabetes/Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults by Inhibiting eIF5A and Notch Pathways

Rafiqi SI, Aldasouqi A, Paparodis RD, Dewan S, Farooqi A, Faisal S, Nemat Y, Salim N, Qureshi S, Mahmood A, Tovar Y, Jun JY, Kalinoski AL, Mirmira RG, Jaume JC, Imam S

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:205-226

Published Date: 13 March 2025

Development and Characterization of 4A7: A High-Affinity Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Claudin18.2

Wu Y, Tian J, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Gao X, Luo L

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:189-203

Published Date: 11 March 2025

Dissecting Causal Relationship Among Immune Cells, Plasma Metabolites and Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Cao Q, Liu J, Sun J, Qian S, Song J, Zheng H, Wen J, Zheng B

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:175-188

Published Date: 6 March 2025

The Effects of M2 Macrophages-Derived Exosomes on Urethral Fibrosis and Stricture in Scar Formation

Ren X, Wang Z, Wang J, Li X, Wei H, Liu C, Liu S, Zhu Y, Feng C, Yin Y, Tian Y, Wu M, Zeng X

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:151-173

Published Date: 4 March 2025

Increased Risk of Dermatomyositis in Patients with Psoriasis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Chen M, Tian N, Cui R, Zhang H, Wang Q, Tong Q, Chen Z, Wang YH, Wei JC, Dai SM

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:139-149

Published Date: 1 March 2025

Integrated Profiling Delineated KIF18A as a Significant Biomarker Associated with Both Prognostic Outcomes and Immune Response in Pancreatic Cancer

Nan K, Zhang L, Zou Y, Geng Z, Huang J, Peng Y, Yin S, Zhang M

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:123-138

Published Date: 28 February 2025

Adaptation of Natural Killer Cells to Hypoxia: A Review of the Transcriptional, Translational, and Metabolic Processes

Chang TD, Chen YJ, Luo JL, Zhang C, Chen SY, Lin ZQ, Zhang PD, Shen YX, Tang TX, Li H, Dong LM, Tang ZH, Chen D, Wang YM

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:99-121

Published Date: 18 February 2025

Genetic and Plasma Proteomic Approaches to Identify Therapeutic Targets for Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Ke C, Yu Y, Li J, Yu Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Lu Y, Tang M, Wang N, Chen Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:87-98

Published Date: 7 February 2025

Identification of EARS2 as a Potential Biomarker with Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications in Colorectal Cancer

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Wang L, Deng X, Tang J, Gong Y, Bu S, Li Z, Liao B, Ding Y, Dai T, Liao Y, Li Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:65-85

Published Date: 30 January 2025

PD(L)1 Inhibitors Plus Lenvatinib Vs Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Combined With HAIC for Unresectable HCC: A Propensity Score Matching Study

He Z, Chen H, Liang C, Tang X, Jiang L, Xie F, Liu Q, Zheng Y

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:51-63

Published Date: 25 January 2025

Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Value of PDGFB

Bai Y, Wang X, Wang B

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:35-49

Published Date: 23 January 2025

Targeting B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Regulates Lupus Disease Development in NZB/W Mice

Gherardi L, Aubergeon L, Sayah M, Fauny JD, Dumortier H, Monneaux F

ImmunoTargets and Therapy 2025, 14:7-23

Published Date: 17 January 2025